Feudalism and the Manorial System Chapter 13 Section 2 Feudalism and the Manorial System

Feudalism 900s: most of Europe was governed by local lords This political and social organization led by these independent leaders became known as feudalism

FEUDALISM KING LORDS (Nobles) KNIGHTS PEASANTS (Serfs)

Feudalism A noble grants land to a lesser noble In return gets loyalty, military assistance, and other services Fief: grant of land given by a lord Vassal: person who receives grant The vassal could divide his land and give to knights then the vassal becomes a lord

Primogeniture: the system of inheritance from father to oldest son Women: receive land in a dowry remains the property of her husband Lords: vassals to the king Medieval church also practiced feudalism granted fiefs in return for military protection and service

Manorial System Economic system: large farming estates that included manor houses, cultivated lands, woodlands, pastures, fields, and villages Self sufficient societies: food, clothing, and shelter Peasants: -worked the land -shared crops, -provided services -paid taxes to the lord

Manorial System Located along a stream or river for water power Houses surround the castle for safety The village, cultivated fields, pastures, and forests make up the outer area

Peasant Life *Serfs- peasants; could not leave the land w/o the lord’s permission *Work: Grueling and Harsh *Meals: Meager *Short life expectancies

Castles Usually built on hills Fortified base for the lord to protect the surrounding country side Structures made of earth, wood and stone. Usually built on hills If on flat land a moat was built The “keep”: a strong tower with workshops, barracks and lord’s living quarters.

Feudal Justice Trial by battle- a duel between accuser and accused determined guilt or innocence Compurgation- supporters swear that their person was telling the truth Trial by ordeal- accused had to either carry a piece of hot iron plunge his hand in a pot of boiling water survive extended immersion in cold water

Warfare Knights wore armor in battle and were heavily armed Chain mail: small interlocking metal links Iron helmets, a sword, large shield, and a lance

Chivalry A system of rules that dictated knights’ behavior towards others Young boys work as pages/squires under a knight Learn knightly manners and care for weapons Takes care of the knight’s horse, armor, and weapons Squire proves himself in battle = becomes a knight

Code of Chivalry Be courageous in battle Loyal to friends and keep his word Courteous to women and the less powerful Required to extend courtesy only to his own class

Coat of Arms (Heraldry) A graphic symbol that identified a knight Represented his personal characteristics in battle Painted or stitched onto the knight’s shield, his outer coat, or his horse’s trappings Passed through the generations

Royal Spanish Coat of Arms

Prince Charles of Wales

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