VUS ’s MANIFEST DESTINY

**TWO PARTIES EMERGE AFTER WASHINGTON’S PRESIDENCY ENDED IN THE 1790’S- 2 POLITICAL PARTIES EMERGED AFTER WASHINGTON’S PRESIDENCY ENDED IN THE 1790’S- 2 POLITICAL PARTIES EMERGED Two parties: Two parties: FEDERALISTS FEDERALISTS DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS

** DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN PARTY EMERGES Democratic-Republican party (1792) emerges because controversy over Federalists’ support for Bank of the U.S., Jays Treaty, and the undeclared war on France. The Jays Treaty (1794) avoided war with Britain by forcing the British to evacuate their posts in the NW territory,but did nothing about British sailors impressing American sailors.

**DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS Leaders-Thomas Jefferson, James Madison Leaders-Thomas Jefferson, James Madison Believed in a weak national government and an agricultural economy Believed in a weak national government and an agricultural economy Supporters were farmers, artisans, and frontier settlers in the South Supporters were farmers, artisans, and frontier settlers in the South

***FEDERALISTS Leaders-John Adams and Alexander Hamilton Leaders-John Adams and Alexander Hamilton Believed in a strong national government and commercial economy Believed in a strong national government and commercial economy Supported by bankers and business interests in the North Supported by bankers and business interests in the North

**Election of 1800 Won by Thomas Jefferson Won by Thomas Jefferson First American presidential election in which power was peacefully transferred from one party to another. First American presidential election in which power was peacefully transferred from one party to another.

**LOUISIANA PURCHASE 1803: Thomas Jefferson authorizes purchase from France (Napoleon) 1803: Thomas Jefferson authorizes purchase from France (Napoleon) More than doubled the size of the United States overnight More than doubled the size of the United States overnight Jefferson purchased for $15 million-3 cents an acre Jefferson purchased for $15 million-3 cents an acre LP=US 2 LP=US 2

Louisiana Purchase- TJ’s greatest achievement

**Lewis and Clark Expedition Explored the new territories that lay west of the Mississippi River Explored the new territories that lay west of the Mississippi River Sacagawea, an Indian woman, served as their guide and translator Sacagawea, an Indian woman, served as their guide and translator Started in St. Louis, Missouri ended in Oregon. Started in St. Louis, Missouri ended in Oregon. M = Mississippi River S = Sacagawea U = US 2

**War of 1812(Madison- President) REASONS FOR WAR Fought against the British because of interference in trade routes and impressment policy (kidnapping U.S. sailors to work on British ships) Fought against the British because of interference in trade routes and impressment policy (kidnapping U.S. sailors to work on British ships) British interfering with westward expansion British interfering with westward expansion Federalists opposed war-talked of secession and constitutional amendments which were not acted upon. Federalists opposed war-talked of secession and constitutional amendments which were not acted upon.

REASONS FOR WAR of 1812 Trade Route Impressment British interference with westward expansion TIMBIWE

**War of LAND RESULTS Led to an American claim of the Oregon Territory with Britain Led to an American claim of the Oregon Territory with Britain Increased migration into Florida Increased migration into Florida which was later acquired in a treaty with Spain OTF WAR OF 1812 RESULTS =

USS Wasp attacking HMS Reindeer

**Monroe Doctrine (1823)- James Monroe-President U.S. FOREIGN POLICY No further colonization by European powers on the American continents No further colonization by European powers on the American continents Western Hemisphere countries were republics not monarchies. Western Hemisphere countries were republics not monarchies. Any violation would be seen as a threat by the United States Any violation would be seen as a threat by the United States United States would not interfere in European affairs United States would not interfere in European affairs

**Monroe Doctrine (1823)- James Monroe-President U.S. FOREIGN POLICY IF IF N0 col West Hem rep t U S N0 col West Hem rep t U S THEN THEN no inter Euraff

COTTON GIN Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin cotton kingdom Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin led to the spread of the cotton kingdom in the Deep South

COTTON GIN

**American Expansion- Westward movement MANIFEST DESTINY MANIFEST DESTINY American settlers streamed westward American settlers streamed westward seeking economic opportunity in the form of land to own and farm Railroads and canals helped the growth of an industrial economy and moved settlers west. Railroads and canals helped the growth of an industrial economy and moved settlers west. Reasons for westward movement = MD CREO Reasons for westward movement = MD CREO

**WESTERN MOVEMENT-IMPACT ON AMERICAN INDIANS “Manifest Destiny” provided political support for territorial expansion “Manifest Destiny” provided political support for territorial expansion During westward expansion, the American Indians were repeatedly defeated in violent conflicts with settlers and soldiers. They would be forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands in During westward expansion, the American Indians were repeatedly defeated in violent conflicts with settlers and soldiers. They would be forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands in 1830.

**WESTERN MOVEMENT IMPACT ON AMERICAN INDIANS Andrew Jackson’s INDIAN REMOVAL ACT Andrew Jackson’s INDIAN REMOVAL ACT The Trail Of Tears- The Trail Of Tears- when several tribes were relocated from Atlantic coastal states to Oklahoma. AJIRA = ToT AJIRA = ToT

TRAIL OF TEARS

**MIGRATION INTO TEXAS Mexico gained freedom from Spain in 1819 American migration into Texas led to an armed revolt against Mexican rule Battle of the Alamo-1836 –Band of Texans fought to the last man against a vastly superior Mexican Army. Battle of the Alamo-1836 –Band of Texans fought to the last man against a vastly superior Mexican Army. The Texans eventual victory over Mexican forces brought Texas into the United States The Texans eventual victory over Mexican forces brought Texas into the United States

**Mexican War ( ) American victory in the Mexican War led to the acquisition of Mexican territory (Mexican Cession) that included the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico. American victory in the Mexican War led to the acquisition of Mexican territory (Mexican Cession) that included the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico. California Gold Rush California Gold Rush Mexican Cession = CC NUAN Mexican Cession = CC NUAN

**MANIFEST DESTINY GADSDEN PURCHASE (1853), from Mexico- present day shape of the CONTINENTAL U.S. is now complete. GADSDEN PURCHASE (1853), from Mexico- present day shape of the CONTINENTAL U.S. is now complete.

Terms to know Aristocracy-government in which power is given to those seen as most qualified (rich people). Aristocrat. Presidential veto- Constitutional power granted to the President to prevent passage of legislation. Jackson used this power more than any previous President.

**THE AGE OF THE”COMMON MAN” was characterized by the following: The rise of interest group politics and sectional issues A dirty campaigning Increased voter (more voters) participation-elimination of property requirements to vote for white males- prior to 1828 Age of the Common Man = InG Si dicam Mvote

THE AGE OF ANDREW JACKSON

**ANDREW JACKSON- “the common man” AJ personified the “democratic spirit” of the age by challenging the economic elite (aristocrats + rich people) and rewarding campaign supporters with cushy public service jobs (the spoils system) AJ = DS 3

Tariff of 1828 – The Tariff of Abominations The major goal of the tariff was to protect industries in the northern United States which were being driven out of business by low-priced imported goods by putting a tax on them. The South, however, was harmed directly by having to pay higher prices on goods the region did not produce, and indirectly because reducing the exportation of British goods to the US made it difficult for the British to pay for the cotton they imported from the South.[1] The reaction in the South, particularly in South Carolina, would lead to the Nullification Crisis that began in late The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions ( ) were political statements in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. The Resolutions argued that the states had the right and the duty to declare unconstitutional any acts of Congress that were not authorized by the Constitution. In doing so, they argued for states' rights and strict constructionism of the Constitution. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1798 were written secretly by Vice President Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, respectively. Marbury v. Madison 1803 – Judicial Review McCulloch v. Maryland 1819 – Implied Powers Gibbons v. Ogden 1824 – Interstate Commerce Background of Nullification

** DEBATES OVER THE NATURE OF THE UNION(U.S.)- THE NULLIFICATION CRISIS South Carolinians argued that states could NULLIFY (VOID )The Tariff of 1832(protective tax on imported goods) and other acts of Congress. South Carolinians argued that states could NULLIFY (VOID )The Tariff of 1832(protective tax on imported goods) and other acts of Congress. states could secede from the Union in defense of slavery (the Nullification Crisis). states could secede from the Union in defense of slavery (the Nullification Crisis). President Jackson threatened to send in federal troops to collect the tariff revenues.

JACKSON AND THE BANK OF THE UNITED STATES(BUS) JACKSON VIEWED THE BANK AS A TOOL OF THE RICH-HE VETOED THE RECHARTERING OF THE BANK IN HIS OPPONENT HENRY CLAY SUPPORTED THE BANK. JACKSON’S RE-ELECTION BROUGHT AN END TO THE BANK. AJ = IRA NOBUS

JACKSON AND THE PANIC OF )JACKSON TOOK MONEY OUT OF THE BANK of the US AND PUT IN PET BANKS 2)PET BANKS FAILED –BANKS STOPPED ACCEPTING PAPER CURRENCY 3)LED TO THE PANIC OF 1837

PANIC OF 1837-RESULTS COLLAPSE OF THE CREDIT SYSTEM BANK CLOSINGS BANKRUPTED HUNDREDS OF BUSINESSES 1/3 PEOPLE OUT OF WORK

Jackson Political Cartoons

**POLITICAL PARTIES The FEDERALIST PARTY disappeared and new political parties were organized in opposition to the Democratic Party The Whigs-believed in a strong central government and opposed Jackson’s King Like actions. The Know Nothings-anti-immigrant party

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS- between North and South The INDUSTRIAL NORTH The INDUSTRIAL NORTH -favored high protective tariffs to protect Northern manufactured goods from foreign competition. -favored high protective tariffs to protect Northern manufactured goods from foreign competition. *protective tariff-tax on imported goods

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS- between North and South The The AGRICULTURAL SOUTH -opposed protective tariffs because that made the price of imports more expensive.

**POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY WHEN STATES (OR PEOPLES) RULE THEMSELVES. WHEN STATES (OR PEOPLES) RULE THEMSELVES.

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS- caused by westward expansion As new states entered the Union, compromises were reached that maintained the balance of power in Congress between “free” and “slave” states.

**SLAVERY COMPROMISES The Missouri Compromise drew an east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase, with slavery prohibited above the line and allowed below, The Missouri Compromise drew an east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase, with slavery prohibited above the line and allowed below,except slavery was allowed in Missouri,north of the line

**SLAVERY COMPROMISES Compromise of California enters as free state- while the new Southwestern Territories acquired from Mexico would decide on their own(popular sovereignty). Compromise of California enters as free state- while the new Southwestern Territories acquired from Mexico would decide on their own(popular sovereignty).

**SLAVERY COMPROMISES Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854-repealed the Missouri Compromise line, by giving Kansas and Nebraska the choice to allow slavery in their states (popular sovereignty). Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854-repealed the Missouri Compromise line, by giving Kansas and Nebraska the choice to allow slavery in their states (popular sovereignty). This law produced bloody fighting in Kansas as pro- and anti-slavery forces battled each other. This law produced bloody fighting in Kansas as pro- and anti-slavery forces battled each other. Led to birth of Republican Party which opposed spread of slavery. Led to birth of Republican Party which opposed spread of slavery.

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser fed white Southerners’ fears about more slave rebellions and led to harsh laws in the South against fugitive slaves. Slave revolts in Virginia, led by Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser fed white Southerners’ fears about more slave rebellions and led to harsh laws in the South against fugitive slaves. Southerners who favored abolition were intimidated into silence. Southerners who favored abolition were intimidated into silence.

DRED SCOTT DECISION 1857 DRED SCOTT-SLAVE HAD LIVED IN A FREE TERRITORY THEREFORE THOUGHT HE SHOULD BE FREE CASE WENT TO SUPREME COURT COURT RULED THAT BLACKS WERE NOT CITIZENS AND THERFORE COULD NOT file a law suit

**ABOLITIONIST PERSON WHO WAS AGAINST SLAVERY FOR MORAL REASONS AND TRIED TO FREE THEM. PERSON WHO WAS AGAINST SLAVERY FOR MORAL REASONS AND TRIED TO FREE THEM.

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY Northerners led by William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of The Liberator, increasingly viewed the institution of slavery as a violation of Christian principles and argued for its abolition. Southerners grew alarmed by the growing force of the Northern response to the abolitionists.

WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON

HARRIET TUBMAN

**SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY Fugitive Slave Act pitted Southern slave owners against outraged Northerners who opposed returning escaped slaves to bondage. Fugitive Slave Act pitted Southern slave owners against outraged Northerners who opposed returning escaped slaves to bondage.

LINCOLN VS DOUGLAS LINCOLN (REPUBLICAN) RAN AGAINST STEPHEN DOUGLAS(DEMOCRAT) AND DEBATED OVER SLAVERY. LINCOLN OPPOSED SLAVERY SPREADING INTO NEW STATES DOUGLAS BELIEVED IN POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

LINCOLN’S QUOTE LINCOLN WARNED “A HOUSE DIVIDED AGAINST ITSELF CANNOT STAND” THE NATION COULD NOT BE HALF FREE AND HALF SLAVE

**THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT At the same time the abolitionist movement grew,another reform movement took root-the movement to give equal rights to women. At the same time the abolitionist movement grew,another reform movement took root-the movement to give equal rights to women. Leading suffragettes were Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. Leading suffragettes were Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. They wrote the Seneca Falls Declaration in 1848-modeled after The Declaration of Independence listing the rights denied women.It was presented at the Seneca Falls Convention They wrote the Seneca Falls Declaration in 1848-modeled after The Declaration of Independence listing the rights denied women.It was presented at the Seneca Falls Convention

**THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony became involved in the women’s suffrage movement before the Civil War and continued with the movement after the war. SUFFRAGE- the right to vote

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Westward farm power transferred spoils system Mexican Mississippi Aristocrats cotton gin Democratic- Republicans Florida federal Trail of Tears

Westward farm power transferred spoils system Mexican Mississippi Aristocrats cotton gin Democratic- Republicans Florida federal Trail of Tears

Westward farm power transferred spoils system Mexican Mississippi Aristocrats cotton gin Democratic- Republicans Florida federal Trail of Tears

God harsher increase foreign Dred Scott emancipation property Andrew Jackson slave women Uncle Tom’s Cabin slavery tariffs Popular sovereignty California repeal

God harsher increase foreign Dred Scott emancipation property Andrew Jackson slave women Uncle Tom’s Cabin slavery tariffs Popular sovereignty California repeal

God harsher increase foreign Dred Scott emancipation property Andrew Jackson slave women Uncle Tom’s Cabin slavery tariffs Popular sovereignty California repeal

*Monroe Doctrine -The US would not interfere in __________ affairs -The Western hemisphere should not be considered for future ________ by any European powers. -The US would regard European powers placing their will on independent nations in the Western Hemisphere as a _______ to its own security. -The Western Hemisphere is a ____________ not a monarchy.

*Western Movement -belief in manifest ________ -opportunity for cheap _______ and resources -US gaining control of the Mississippi River and New Orleans

*Panic of lead to _____ closings -the collapse of the ______ system -_________ hundreds of businesses -put _________ of the population out of work

DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING: 1)THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE 2)THE COMPROMISE OF )THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT 4)THE DRED SCOTT DECISION