1 TTM4142 Networked Multimedia Systems Multimedia Learning Panels are based on Chapter 8 of ’Multimedia Applications’ by R Steinmetz and C Nahrstedt Leif Arne Rønningen Autumn 2008

2 Idealized learning and teaching process

3 Multimedia Learning Software can facilitate learning in several ways Multicodality –How information is coded –Video, image, text,,,,,, Multimodality –Which senses activated Dynamics –Discrete medium Still image, text –Continuous medium Video, animated graphics Interactivity

4 Role of Computer as Learning object – learning the computer’s technology Learning tool – make drawings, make pp, write text Learning medium – teaching functions, present info, motivate, control activity and achievements

5 Learning Software Programs Drill and tutorial programs –Review-exercises and practical applicaiton Test software –Test knowledge, e.g., by multiple-shoice Tutorial systems – Computer-based training (CBT) –Complete learning system

6 Learning Environments Animations and simulations Problem-solving environments –Action strategies, reasoning, decisions Learning games and edutainment

7 Learning Theories Behaviorism –Classical conditioning, stimulus (input) –> observable behavior (output) unaware of the cognitive process (Pavlov) –Operant behavior (Skinner) Cognitivism –Input – brain cognitive processing – output (Piaget) –Learning programs act as tutors Constructivism –Individual construction from experience, of the perspective of the world, –Simulations –Micro Worlds Table (next slide), Comparison of the three learning theories

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9 Trends and Current Developments Focus on the learners and the learning Cooperation with other learners, tutors, teachers and experts Flexible and long-life learning Learning methods, media preparation of the learning content

10 Learning with Hypermedia WWW –Hypermedia documents with links, individual choice –Browsing, individual choice –Learner is active –Motivating, increased learning –Fun, but no learning, overstimulation

11 Adaptive Learning Systems Adapt to user differences, skills, knowledge and preferences, uses results from artificial intelligence Intelligent Tutorial Systems – ITS –Learner behavior model –Guide the learner through learning towards a goal –Didactic component decides teaching principles Adaptive Hypermedia Systems – AHS –Model about objectives, desires and preferences, adapts to the user –Adaptive hypermedia explorative tools –May include ITS functions, but is applicable to other than learning

12 Intelligent Tutorial Systems - ITS

13 Adaptive Hypermedia Systems - AHS

14 Other Telelearning - learning over a distance (network) Computer-supported Cooperative Learning –Learning software, interactivity, limited navigation, not much feedback to user –Could be used with videoconferencing or –Networked or local –Individual or group eLearning standards –Several organisations –The meta-data scheme LOM – Learning Object Metadata, XML-based

15 Cooperative Learning Discuss the pros and cons of the three learning theories, Behaviorism, Cognitivism and Constructivism. What about applying a combination? What type of learning system is the ’Thora simulator’?