Bell Ringer Timeline Practice: List these events in your notebook, numbered 1-7 in chronological order. Try to add the date (or decade) if you can. – Jim Crow Laws – Stamp Act – Articles of Confederation – Louisiana Purchase – House of Burgess established – Kansas-Nebraska Act – Emancipation Proclamation

Bell Ringer What are 3 technologies we discussed last class, and what was their impact? Name 2 other technologies we have discussed so far in this class. Can you think of any from before 1850? Before 1800?

Immigration Industrialization Urbanization

Urbanization and Growth of Cities Population growth in the East led to the growth of cities – Why these? – Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, New York

Urbanization and Growth of Cities Reasons for urbanization: – Specialized industries developed around natural resources or transportation (water, rail) steel  Pittsburgh meat-packing  Chicago – Created factories  demand for labor Millions of new immigrants Americans moving from rural to urban areas looking for jobs

Urbanization and Growth of Cities Factories in large cities provided jobs Results of rapid industrialization and urbanization – Overcrowded neighborhoods – Unsanitary living conditions, especially for immigrant families and poor workers – Unsafe working conditions

Urbanization and Growth of Cities The rapid growth of cities caused housing shortages and the need for new public services, such as – sewage – water systems – public transportation – trolleys and streetcars

How would these change life in the city?

New Inventions – Light Bulb – Telephone – Airplane – Assembly-line manufacturing How would these change life in the city? Inventors – Thomas Edison – Alexander Graham Bell – Wright Brothers – Henry Ford

Urbanization Wrap-Up Why did big cities develop in this period? What were some of the problems that were associated with cities? What are some of the technologies that made urbanization possible? What are some technologies that became necessary because of cities?

Immigration Look at the picture on the next slide. What do you see? What do you think the cartoon is “saying”? Write a caption for the cartoon.

Free education Free land Free speech Free ballot US Ark of Refuge No oppressive taxes No expensive Kings No compulsory military service No knouts or dungeons

Immigration Before 1871, most immigrants to America came from northern and western Europe: – Germany- Great Britain – Ireland- Norway and Sweden Between 1871 until 1921, most immigrants to America came from southern and eastern Europe and Asia – Greece- Italy – Poland - Russia – Present day Hungary and Yugoslavia – China and Japan

Immigration to the US

Increase in immigration due to: – Desire for religious freedom (push or pull?) – Escape from oppressive governments (push or pull?) – Hope for economic opportunities (push or pull?) Immigrants entered the United States through Ellis Island in New York Harbor The Statue of Liberty was often the first view for immigrants after their voyage across the Atlantic Did you know? 40% of Americans can trace roots to ancestors who came through Ellis Island Immigration

With a partner, answer questions 1-20 on a separate sheet of paper: (please do not write on the test)

Answers to Test 1)Mouth 2) Eye 3) Nose 4) Spoon 5) Chimney 6) Ear 7) Filament 8)Stamp 9) Strings 10) Heel 11) Trigger 12) Tail 13) Leg 14) Shadow 15) Ball (in hand) 16)Net 17) Forearm 18) Horn 19) Arm (in mirror) 20) Diamond

Upon their arrival, immigrants began the process of assimilation This was called the American “melting pot” Immigrants often settled into ethnic neighborhoods in cities Immigrant families worked hard to learn English, adopt American customs and become American citizens Public schools played an important role in assimilating immigrants into American society Immigration

Contributions of immigrants: – Chinese workers helped build Transcontinental Railroad – Eastern Europeans worked in textile and steel mill s in the Northeast and the clothing industry in NYC – Slavs, Italians, Polish worked in coal mines in the East All worked at great personal risk in dangerous conditions and for very low wages Immigration

At your table answer the following question: “How do you think native-born Americans reacted to the increase of immigrants coming to the United States? Why?” Brainstorm as many ideas as you can think of Immigration

Despite their hard work and contributions, immigrants often faced discrimination and hostility – Fear and resentment that immigrant workers would take jobs for lower pay than Americans – Prejudice based on cultural and religious differences Nativism= prejudice against the “wrong groups” coming to America Increasing pressure led Congress to limit immigration through new laws Immigration

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882: -Ban on all immigration from China (except for students, teachers, merchants, and tourists) -Barred Chinese immigrants from U.S. citizenship - Not repealed until 1943 Immigration Restriction Act of 1921: -Set up a quota system limiting who and how many immigrants could come to the U.S. - Aimed at people from Eastern Europe.

Think-Pair-Share What problems existed in the cities? What could be done to solve those problems?

Reform Movements What problems existed in the cities? Reformers tried to solve the problems of the urban poor – “social responsibility” – Social Gospel movement – Settlement Houses provided services: educational cultural (to Americanize immigrants) social services (day care) Jane Addams – Hull House (Chicago)

Exit Ticket Write three sentences to describe three changes in American society we talked about today. Were these changes good or bad? How so?