Phonics, Spelling & Vocabulary

Components of explicit, systematic code instruction 1.Introduce new pattern – Auditory (hear it) – Visual (see it) – Kinesthetic (touch or manipulate it) 2.Practice Reading – Words with that pattern from text (to develop accuracy and automaticity) – Sentences/Phrases from the text (accuracy and intonation) – Text (accuracy/automaticity/intonation=fluency) 3.Practice Spelling – Words (sound/symbol and patterns) – Sentence dictation (accuracy and automaticity)

Review in Teaching Phonics Teach high-utility phonics skills that are most useful for decoding and spelling unfamiliar words Follow a developmental continuum for systematic phonics instruction, beginning with rhyming and ending with phonics generalizations

Teaching Phonics Continued Provide direct instruction to teach phonics skills. Choose words from books students are reading and other high-frequency words. Provide opportunities for students to apply what they are learning about phonics through word sorts, making words, interactive writing, and other literacy activities.

Video

Spelling stages adapted from K. Ganske (2000) Word Journeys, NY: Guilford Pubs. Beginner level

Guidelines for Teaching Spelling Recognize that phonics and spelling go hand-in-hand. Analyze the errors in students’ writing to provide appropriate spelling instruction based on their stage of development. Connect phonemic awareness, phonics, and spelling during instruction by having students manipulate words orally and read and spell words Teach students to use spelling strategies, including “think aloud” to spell unfamiliar words.

Guidelines for Teaching Spelling Post words on word walls and use them for a variety of reading and writing activities. Involve students in making words, word sorts, and other hands-on spelling activities Consider spelling tests as only one part of a spelling program. Involve students in daily authentic reading and writing activities to develop spelling knowledge 4

Vocabulary Strategies Knowledge Rating Context Clues (4) Morphemic (structural analysis) Etymology of Words Semantic Maps Concept of Definition Multiple Meaning of Words Semantic Feature Analysis ABC’s of comparing and contrasting

Tier 1Tier 2Tier 3 Short basic words: See, up, how Critical to comprehension; sleep, energy Subject matter specific: hormone, tissues Vocabulary and Tier Words

Incidental Word Learning Through independent reading – reading workshop, literature circles, reciprocal teaching Read-alouds (by teacher) using fiction and non- fiction materials Research: Reading is the single largest source of vocb. For students after grade 3 (Beck & McKeown, 1991) Students learn as many words incidentally while listening to teachers read aloud as they do when engaging in independent reading. (Stahl, Richek & Vandevier, 1991)

It’s Your Turn... Choose a book. Identify 5 Tier 1, 2, and Tier 3 Words Present them.