HighWire Press Innovation by & with scholars Michael A. Keller Stanford University Libraries

What is HighWire Press?  A dept of the Stanford University Libraries  A service to scholarly societies & “responsible” publishers  A community of publishers  An enterprise (it is self-supporting)  Not an aggregator  Not a serials jobber  Not free, publishers charged fees for services  Not going to be sold, soon or ever

What is the mission of HighWire Press?  Engage advanced network & other I.T. to enhance scholarly communication -- innovate constantly on the basis of -- publishers’ & editors’ desires & -- feedback from readers  Contribute to marketplace correction by improving the competitive posture of scholarly societies and other “responsible” publishers -- lifting the performance bars high -- attracting authors & readers to scholarly societies

Content - highly cited, frequently read Publishers/societies 65 Titles/sites211 –40% of top 100 of most cited journals –20% of top 500 of most cited journals –52% of HW in top 500 most cited journals Full text articles295,000, of which Free full text articles172,000 Total content (articles/abstracts)743,000 per monthgrowth in 1999 Distinct hosts ~ 3 million 73% Data deliveredover a terabyte126%

Content: Representative Journals Science Magazine Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Journal of Biological Chemistry British Medical Journal EMBO Journal & EMBO Reports Journal of Neuroscience American Journal of Physiology (all sections) Annual Review (all sections) Health Promotion International

Content - available as published No delay of content for institutional readers Publication is becoming faster: –Ever shortening time between author submission & publication –Manuscript acceptance & publication are becoming simultaneous events –The issue is becoming a relic Private overnet to Brazil (& 24 other nations)

Articles become free…

Content – multimedia with purposes ~ 2000 articles have data supplements (.01%) Movies 26% Documents 6% Images 60% Excel 6%

Content – easily accessible, even free Free back articles –Publishers24 –Titles62 –Articles172,000~60% of total –Database grows ~7,000 articles/month 10,000 to 12,000 pp per week Free prepublication articles –Accepted manuscripts (unedited papers) available for free, forever, e.g. JBC Papers In Press

Content – are older articles accessed? Use decay ~users/article/month –At publication 100% –After 3+ months ~13% –After 6+ months~ 7% (forever?) More readers online: they are accessing old articles & need more full text articles online Institutional statistics of use available Governments should fund retrospective conversion else science will cease before ~1995

Content: ‘More is better’ Marketplace competition & choice Content, content, content –Highly cited, frequently read –Back files –Easily accessible, even free –Available fast –Formats follow function, multimedia with purposes Services to enhance research, teaching, learning –Toll free linking among HighWire titles –Personal alerting functions Perpetual access

Services - links ~ 2 million links from bibliographic references to full text articles & abstracts –Medline, ISI Web of Science, GenBank, HW jrnls ~ 500,000 links to free full text articles

Services - alerts Table of Contents current future Subject and Author topic/author match article is cited – hot link in message Forward citation alert New titles ~1 million alerts to 1/3+ million readers Growth ~100,000 alerts/month As of

Perpetual Access STM publishing is a record of scholarship Online is superset of the paper Paper journals are no longer an archival record E-journals are dynamic, have links and services Static PDF or SGML archives are not sufficient Back files & free access are services, not archives

Perpetual Access Need many different systems and approaches HighWire migrates files (5x, so far!) HighWire maintains source and operating file tape archive off-site LOCKSS – Lots Of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe –A software protocol to locally store and manage web content decentralized, distributed, highly replicated easy to use, inexpensive to operate –Insures web content functionality, integrity, access – SUL “Dark Cave” digital archive in development

Innovations Design/development & production site for Oxford English Dictionary, 3 rd ed – Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment –AAAS content & HighWire technology –A digital library – information and information services –First of many Concept (semantic) searching in development

Contacts:

More about lockss if questions arise Provides simple web cache that: –never gets flushed –holds authorized content The cache –pre-fetches content as published –continuously validates against other caches –repairs gaps from publisher and other caches Persistence via redundancy –not via media archiving Cheap hardware; free open source software