Lecture Four: Steps 3 and 4 INST 250/4

 Does one look for facts, or opinions, or both when conducting a literature search?  What is the difference between primary and secondary sources of information?  What Boolean operator may be used to increase search results?  Why does one need to use brackets when using multiple operators in a keyword search statement? INST 250/4

 Library of Congress Subject Headings  Conducting a Subject search on CLUES ◦ Using Subject Headings ◦ Searching for Reference Books: Bibliographies  Searching Other Sources for Books  Step 4: The Working Bibliography ◦ Creating your own library of references in RefWorks INST 250/4

Standard list of subject headings used in most North American academic library catalogues INST 250/4

LCSH - abbreviation Definition: Controlled vocabulary Usually, at least three LCSH terms are added to each library catalogue record, describing the main subjects covered in the work. INST 250/4

“A collection of concepts or words arranged according to sense; also (U.S.) a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms.” OR “A classified list of terms, esp. key-words, in a particular field, for use in indexing and information retrieval.” From Oxford English Dictionary Online INST 250/4

Topical ◦ Limits the concept expressed by the main heading to a subtopic ◦ Example: Literacy –- Government Policy Form ◦ Indicates the form of the material and is added at end ◦ Example: Literacy -- Encyclopedias Chronological ◦ Limits a heading to a particular time period ◦ Example: Canada -- History Geographic ◦ Limits a heading to a geographic location ◦ Example: Literacy –- England –- History –- To 1500 INST 250/4

INST 250/4

 Subject headings will be the same for all university & college library catalogues  May suggest other subject headings that may be relevant – EXPLORE  Disadvantages: Some headings may be too recent to be listed, or they may not be specific enough for your topic. INST 250/4

 Cannabis evolution and ethnobotany INST 250/4

1. Browse the results of your Keyword search, looking in the Subject Heading field of relevant records. 2. Click on the LCSH to search for other records in the catalogue that have been assigned this heading. 3. Alternatively, enter the LSCH terms into the advanced search option on CLUES. INST 250/4

 Use Advanced search option  Allows a building block approach whereby a subject search can be combined with a keyword search.  Use Limit options to narrow results INST 250/4

1. Perform a Keyword search on your two main concepts. 2. Browse through the results looking for relevant hits 3. Then scan the Subject Heading field to look for a relevant subject heading that describes your topic. 4. Explore the subject heading links. 5. Browse through your results. INST 250/4

A list of works on a specific subject or research topic Listed at the end of a research paper, encyclopedia article, book, scholarly article or thesis Also published in book form: Lists works (articles, books, dissertations, reports etc.) on a specific subject Provides the groundwork for researchers Sometimes located in the Library’s reference collection Annotated bibliographies provide evaluative summaries for each entry Web sites: a list of hypertext links surrounding a common subject or theme INST 250/4

Bibliographies are useful when conducting research as they provide the groundwork for research on a specific subject or topic. Watch for currency, however. INST 250/4

 How many bibliographies are there in the Concordia Library?  What is the Subject heading that should be used to search for this type of book? INST 250/4

1. Conduct a Subject search using your keywords and Bibliography in the subject heading. 2. Now try Encyclopedias 3. Now try Dictionaries INST 250/4

 Subject search Matches on the subject heading field only Requires the use of the authorized LCSH term Is a more precise way of searching  Keyword search Scans the title, notes, contents, series, technical notes and subject heading fields Uses natural language in the form of keywords More flexible way of searching INST 250/4

 Concordia provides access to a growing collection of books available in electronic form. INST 250/4

◦ CLUES homepage – follow Find Books, Articles  Online Reference  Library Catalogues ◦ ◦ When performing a Subject search, use the same subject headings INST 250/4

 Allows you to borrow books from other universities in Quebec and Canada.  Obtain a CREPUQ card at the Circulation desk. ◦ INST 250/4

Using Inter-library loans ◦ Access Colombo: ◦ Use when McGill and other local universities do not have an item InterLibrary Loan=ILL ◦ Requires a barcode and PIN ◦ View video: INST 250/4

 Consult CLUES for material directly related to your research topic ◦ Compare Keyword vs Subject strategies ◦ Number of books retrieved will depend on topic – Limit by date  Consider searching other Library catalogues ◦ Use inter-library loans for material located outside of Concordia ◦ Obtain a CREPUQ card to use to borrow from Quebec University Libraries INST 250/4

 When browsing through the results of your searches, click on the title of potentially relevant items and; ◦ Scan the bibliographic information for each potentially relevant item. Look at the date, the publisher and the description field. ◦ Click on More inside to learn more about the author of the book or to read a book review. INST 250/4

1. Select your topic 2. Develop a preliminary thesis 3. Conduct a literature search 4. Create a working bibliography 5. Evaluate sources 6. Write the final thesis 7. Prepare the paper & bibliography INST 250/4

A preliminary list of sources on your thesis statement  The list will change as sources are added and deleted during the literature search  Arrange alphabetically by author  Do not include tools that were used to locate a source ( e.g. CLUES)  Should be created in RefWorks INST 250/4

 Available to all Concordia students  Used to compile, manage and store citations for your working bibliography INST 250/4

 Ability to receive references directly from your database search  Can manually add records – e.g. for websites  Can sort, search, edit (add notes)  Attach PDFs to reference  Formats references according to citation style  Creates bibliography for you! INST 250/4

 RefWorks RefWorks INST 250/4

Marked items from CLUES can be exported to your RefWorks database Review and edit entries within RefWorks to ensure information is complete and accurate Has the correct Ref Type been selected (e.g. is a book entry using the Book Ref Type)? Has information been transferred into the correct field? Have you manually entered the Source that was used to locate the item (i.e. CLUES), the date you retrieved it, and your personal notes? INST 250/4

 Information to be documented will vary based on the type of reference. INST 250/4

 Step 3 – Library catalogue ◦ Conducting a subject search ◦ Locating bibliographies and other reference material  Step 4 - Working bibliographies ◦ Use RefWorks to store, manage and output citations ◦ Watch accuracy and completeness of information ◦ Output to Word and edit document before printing  Next week: Locating periodical articles INST 250/4