Chemical Reactions. All the chemical reactions in our bodies are called metabolism. Breakdown and reassemble molecules in the body. Chemical bonds are.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Enzymes a special type of protein.
Advertisements

Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions and Enzymes chemical reaction: process that changes one set of compounds (reactants) into another set of compounds.
Chemical Reactions And Enzymes. A chemical reaction is a process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another. Mass and energy are conserved.
Chemical Formulas & Equations. Molecule A combination of two or more atoms bonded together.
2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
Chapter 6, Section 2 Chemical Reactions
2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Standard B.1.2
Enzymes Objective: Identify and understand the role of enzymes.
 Dehydration synthesis reaction  joins monomers by releasing H 2 O Water is created and given off  requires energy & enzymes.
Chemical Reactions in Cells To keep your body alive, your cells undergo countless chemical reactions. – Many of these reactions are occurring 24/7. These.
Energy and Reactions Breaking of bonds requires an input of energy. The formation of bonds requires a release of energy. The total energy that exists before.
Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life.
State Standard SB1B - Explain how enzymes act as catalysts.
Chemical Reactions, Energy in Reactions, and Enzymes f.
Chemical Reactions.  Atoms interact in chemical reactions: Chemical reaction: produces new substances by changing the way in which atoms are arranged.
Biochemical Reactions Chemistry in Biology Chapter 6.
State Standard SB1B - Explain how enzymes act as catalysts.
Chapter 2-4: Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
6.2 CHEMICAL REACTIONS WHAT YOU WILL LEARN
Everything that happens in a cell  Growth  Reproduction  Interaction with the environment  Response to stimuli Is the result of a chemical reaction.
Reactants and Products  A chemical reaction is the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances 
Unit 2: Characteristics of Life and Cells Section 1c: Enzymes Big Idea: Organisms share common characteristics of life. Cells have organized structures.
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes 2-4. Chemical Reactions Process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Process that changes one.
Chemical Reactions Breaking of bonds forming of new ones. New combinations of atoms are produced forming new substances with new properties. Energy needs.
2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
Enzymes Making Life’s Reactions Possible. Terminology Reactants –The elements or compounds that are involved in a reaction Products - The elements or.
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes. What is a Chemical Reaction? A process occurs when molecules interact to produce new chemical compounds Examples: CH 4.
Chemical Reactions 6.2. Chemical Reactions allow living things to grow, develop, reproduce, and adapt.
What are some clues that a chemical reaction has taken place?
Lesson Overview Lesson Overview Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Lesson Overview 2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes.
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes. 2 Chemical Reactions A process that changes or transforms one set of chemicals into another Mass and energy are conserved.
Enzymes. California Science Standard 1 b. Students know enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions without altering the reaction equilibrium.
2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
Chemical Reactions Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education Reactants and Products Chemical ReactionPhysical Reaction Produces a new substanceDo not produce new.
ENZYMES and Activation Energy
ENZYME NOTES. Chemical Reactions Chemical Reaction – process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals Reactants – elements or compounds.
Enzyme Activity. ______________________ are broken and made between one or more substances to create new substances. In the process energy is absorbed.
Proteins A protein is a compound made of small carbon compounds called AMINO ACIDS There are 20 different kinds of AMINO ACIDS.
 Proteins are composed of smaller units called amino acids.  Amino Acids : Are small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen.
Chemical Reactions Make Life Possible! Chemical Reactions Proceed as Follows: ReactantsProducts Energy must be added to “activate” the reaction and break.
Chemical Reactions. Learning target: I can balance chemical equations. Why learn this? This concept introduces you to the idea that matter is not created.
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes. Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction is an interaction between two chemicals. Chemical bonds are either broken or formed.
Why are chemical reactions important??? Chemical reactions allow living things (cells, animals, people, insects) to grow, develop, reproduce, and adapt.
Chemical Reactions: The Law of Conservation of Mass.
Cell Chemistry Life depends on Chemistry What does this mean?????
I. Enzymes: Special proteins. catalysts A. Function of enzymes: act as catalysts (which speed up chemical reactions) -Enzymes work by lowering activation.
Balancing Chemical Equations. Chemical Equations Review  Chemical equations need to be balanced due to the Law of Conservation of Mass.  This law states.
The Chemistry of Carbon Organic compounds - compounds created by organisms Organic compounds - compounds created by organisms 4 groups of organic compounds.
Reactants and Products  A chemical reaction is the process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances.
Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions and Equations. Chemical Reactions The process in which 1 or more substances are converted into new substances The process.
Chemical Change: The change of substances into other substances through a reorganization of the atoms. Chemical Change: The change of substances into.
Reactions Reactions - Enzymes Enzymes.
CHAPTER 2 – CHEMISTRY IN BIOLOGY CONT’D
Chemical Reactions & Enzymes
Bell Ringer: Why is water considered a “polar” molecule?
Chemical Reactions and Equations
Energy, Enzymes & Metabolism
Reactants and Products
Chemical Reactions and Equations
Chapter 6: Chemistry in Biology
Enzymes Page 23.
Chemical bonds and Equations 2.1 and 2.4
Enzymes a special type of protein.
Section 2-4 & 2-5 “Chemical Reactions & Enzymes”
2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
Chemical reactions and enzymes
Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions = the breaking and creating of bonds between different substances (this requires energy) Activation energy = The.
Reactants are the starting substances, on the left side of the arrow.
part 2: chemical reactions, acids and bases
Learning Objectives Define the following terms: enzyme, chemical reaction, reactant, product, activation energy, catalyst, enzyme-substrate complex. Describe.
Presentation transcript:

Chemical Reactions

All the chemical reactions in our bodies are called metabolism. Breakdown and reassemble molecules in the body. Chemical bonds are broken and formed during chemical reactions.

CH 4 + 2O 2  CO 2 + 2H 2 O REACTANTS PRODUCTS YIELDS (methane) + (oxygen)  (carbon dioxide) + (water)

Coefficients = # of molecules of a compound  Ex: 6O 2 = 6 molecules of Oxygen (O)  3H 2 O = 3 molecules of H 2 O CH 4 + 2O 2  CO 2 + 2H 2 O

Subscripts = # of atoms of an element  Ex: CH 4 = 1 atom C, 4 atoms H  CO 2 = 1 atom of C, 2 atoms O CH 4 + 2O 2  CO 2 + 2H 2 O

How many atoms of O are in 6O 2 ? 12 atoms of O!

In ALL chemical equations the same number of atoms of elements are on the reactant and the product side of chemical equations o Why?  Because of the Law of Conservation of Matter (atoms are never created or destroyed; they are simply rearranged!)

o We balance equations so the Law of Conservation of Mater is NOT violated! o We must always balance equations using coefficients!!

o Subscripts can never be changed! o Coefficients must always be placed in FRONT of the entire compound! o Create an atom inventory

H 2 + O 2  H 2 O

CaO + KBr  K 2 O + CaBr 2

Al 2 S 3 + BaCl 2  AlCl 3 + BaS

The key to a chemical reaction is energy! Most compounds in living things cannot undergo chemical reactions without energy

Activation energy = the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction o Look at Graph A: the peak in the graph represents the amount of energy that must be added to the system to make the reaction occur! Graph A

All living things are chemical factories driven by chemical reactions! Enzymes (catalysts) need to be present in order to reduce the activation energy and allow the reaction to proceed quickly.

Look at Graph B: the enzyme lowers the activation energy and the product will be formed sooner! Graph B

Catalyst = a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. Enzyme = special proteins that are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction  Essential to life!  Specific to one reaction

How do ENZYMES Work? The reactants that bind to the enzyme are called substrates. The specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme is called the active site.

How do ENZYMES Work? The active site and substrate have complementary shapes (lock-and- key). o Enzymes are very specific for the substrates that will change!

How do ENZYMES Work? When the enzyme-substrate complex forms, chemical bonds are broken and new bonds form to produce the products. Enzyme releases the product and the enzyme can be used again

Factors That Affect Enzymes: 1) pH (how acidic or basic a substance is) 2) Temperature most enzymes in human cells are most active at 98.6  F pH & temperature will denature (change the shape) of the enzyme so it will not be able to bond with the corresponding substrate!

Examples Of Enzymes Working: Helps with digestion DNA replication Enzymes in the venom of a venomous snake break down the membranes of a person’s red blood cells

Examples Of Enzymes Working: Hard green apples ripen because of the action of enzymes Photosynthesis and cellular respiration provide energy for the cell with the help of enzymes

pH = how acidic or basic a substance is Acid = substance that forms H + (hydrogen ions) in water HCl  H + + Cl - (pH LESS than 7) Water

Base = substance that forms OH - (hydroxide ions) in water NaOH  Na + + OH - (pH MORE than 7) Water

0714 BASE ACID N E U T R A L