 The nugger was flinp.  The nugger was flinp and wugnet.  The nugger was flinp, wugnet and manple in my waslet.  What was flinp?  How else does the author describe the nugger?  What does the nugger do?  What is a nugger?

"Aoccdrnig to a rseearchr at an Elingsh uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer is at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit any porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae we do not raed ervey lteter by it slef but the wrod as a wlohe."

"Aoccdrnig to a fulgegr at an Elingsh ugrbiitloy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer is at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit any porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae we do not raed ervey lteter by it slef but the wrod as a wlohe."

"Aoccdrnig to a flugger at an Elingsh ubligitory, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer is at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit any porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae we do not raed ervey lteter by it slef but the wrod as a wlohe."

 Biggest “Bang” for your buck  Oral language vastly different from written language  95% of words on page to comprehend meaning  Recognition of a new word in print is easier & faster if the word already has an identity

 The Oxford English Dictionary: _________  In printed school English, grades 3-9: ______  Recognized by college graduates: ________  Recognized by high school graduates: ______  Recognized by average kindergartener: _____

 The Oxford English Dictionary: 290,500  In printed school English, grades 3-9: 88,000  Recognized by college graduates: 50,000-80,000  Recognized by high school graduates: 40,000  Recognized by avg. kindergartener: 4,500-5,000

GradeRoot Words Known by Average Student (25 th – 75 th percentile) Root Words Known by Lowest 25% Students (Bottom Quartile) End of preK3,4402,440 End of K4,3003,014 End of Grade 15,1603,592 End of Grade 26,0204,168 (after Biemiller, ) Children with well-developed vocabularies will recognize the meanings of thousands more words!

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 General Service List + Academic Word List cover 90% of academic vocabulary  Bauer & Nation (General Service List)  Coxhead (Academic Word List)  Other:  Morphology  Marzano (Academic Vocabulary)

 Approx 2000 words of greatest “general service”  Each is a “headword” representing a word family  Frequency data for each word is given  Widely influential (graded readers)

 570 most common word families from academic text  Excluded the first 2000 words (GSL), proper nouns & purely latin forms (et al, etc, ie,)  Ordered by frequency (10 sublists)

 Subject-specific  Grade-band specific  Includes proper nouns

 Biggest Bang…  Using context…  Greek & Latin influences  Prefixes, suffixes & roots

  See 3 rd Grade ELA Curriculum, “protocols” -> “Vocabulary Strategies”  Semantic Map  Semantic Feature Analysis  Venn Diagram  Frayer Model  Gradient Grid

 id--460/ id--460/   Language Essentials for Teachers of Reading and Spelling, The Mighty Word: Building Vocabulary and Oral Language, Dr. Louisa Moats, Sopris West,