APUSH Mr. Weber Room 217

Activator  What are the five most important things you learned from reading chapter 5?  1.  2.  3.  4.  5.

Agenda  Activator, agenda, objective (10 minutes)  Ch. 5 reading test (15 minutes)  “The Revolution Within” lecture (30 minutes)  Reading comprehension strategies (15 minutes)  Jigsaw reading/teaching (45 minutes)  Exit ticket and homework (5 minutes)

Objective  AP Topic # 5. The Early Republic, 1789–1815  Washington, Hamilton, and shaping of the national government  Emergence of political parties: Federalists and Republicans  Republican Motherhood and education for women  Beginnings of the Second Great Awakening  Significance of Jefferson’s presidency  Expansion into the trans-Appalachian West; American Indian resistance  Growth of slavery and free Black communities  The War of 1812 and its consequences

The Revolution Within (Ch. 6)  Focuses on political and social changes which took place within the Revolution.  Along with the expansion of the “public sphere” came greater demands for liberty and democratization.  State constitutions formed the political infrastructure upon which to build the new nation.

The Revolution Within (cont.)  Religious liberty and the separation of church and state continued to be a contentious issue.  Adam Smith’s economic theory takes hold.  Limitations on freedom for loyalists, women, Indians, and slaves continue to plague the nation.  The role of women from soldiers in the revolution to “republican mothers” is also discussed.

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The Revolution Within  All states wrote new Constitutions after the Revolution and agreed that their governments should be republics.  States disagreed about how government should be structured.  Pennsylvania’s 1 house legislature  John Adam’s “balanced government” (2 houses)  The property qualification for voting was hotly debated.  The least democratization occurred in the south because their highly differentiated traditions had allowed a landed gentry to retain control of political affairs.

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Toward Religious Tolerance  Many founders saw religion as the necessary foundation for public morals.  Thomas Jefferson’s “Bill Establishing Religious Freedom” as clear separation and model for Constitution.  James Madison also saw this separation as necessary.  Religious liberty in colonies made for proliferation of different dominations.

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The Limits of Liberty  Loyalists (about 25% of the American population) did not do too well after the Rev. (100,000 were forced to emigrate or left)  Liberty for white colonists meant loss of liberty for Indians as many Americans saw Native land as a prize for winning the war.  American independence meant loss of liberty for Indians who had split their support between British and Americans during war.

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The Quest for Freedom  The language of liberty echoed in slave communities, North and South.  “Freedom petitions” from slaves to state governments were increasingly common.  Revolutionary upheaval caused some slaveholders to free their slaves (esp. in North).  Growing pressure for the abolition of slavery.

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Women in the Revolution  Abigail Adams  Many women fought in the revolution in various capacities (eg: Deborah Sampson and the Ladies Association).  Women participated in the political discussions unleashed by independence primarily in the home.  Family laws still very biased toward men.  Republican motherhood: women to play key role in new republic because they must raise the virtuous citizens.

Ch. 6: Revolution Within Review Questions  Why did the Revolution have more radical effects in Pennsylvania than elsewhere?  What role did the founders see for religion in the state?  What was the impact of the Revolution on Native Americans?  What were the most important features of the new state constitutions?  What was “republican motherhood” and why was it important?

Reading Comprehension Strategies  Reading is a multidimensional process.  BEFORE: make predictions in your mind; recall what you already know in way on context; frame questions.  DURING: continually read to answer questions; reform new questions; keep focused and fast-paced (then take short breaks); chunk the text; decide what is most important and summarize it in your own words.  AFTER: paraphrase; write summaries; answer review questions; reflect on your own process as a reader

Practice: A “Think-Aloud Process” Try using the following phrases to think aloud as you read:  Predicting  “I predict…”  “In the next part I think…”  “I think this is…”  Picturing  “I picture…”  “I see…”  Making connections  “This is like a…”  “This reminds me of…”  Identifying problems  “I got confused when…”  “I am not sure of…”  “I didn’t expect…”  Using fix-ups  “I think I will have to…” [reread or use another comprehension strategy]  “Maybe I will need to…” [read on or otherwise conserve time].  Identifying problems  “I got confused when…”  “I am not sure of…”  “I didn’t expect…”  Using fix-ups  “I think I will have to…” [reread or use another comprehension strategy]  “Maybe I will need to…” [read on or otherwise conserve time].

Jigsaw Reading Activity  1. Introduction and Democratizing Freedom, pp  2. Toward Religious Toleration, pp  3. Defining Economic Freedom, pp  4. The Limits of Liberty, pp  5. Slavery and the Revolution, pp  6. Daughters of Liberty, pp

Discussion Questions  1. What did Abigail Adams mean when she wrote her husband “Remember the ladies?” Did she believe in modern female equality?  2. How fully embraced was religious liberty? What evidence can you cite that indicates that the new republic was committed to religious freedom? What evidence is there of limits on religious freedom?  3. The Revolution was empowering for some women. Discuss the various ways in which women were able to express greater freedoms. Did the idea of “republican motherhood” elevate women’s position? If so, how?

Wholesale Price Index:

Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist Strongholds at the End of the War

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation A unicameral Congress [9 of 13 votes to pass a law]. 13 out of 13 to amend. Representatives were frequently absent. Could not tax or raise armies. No executive or judicial branches.

State Constitutions Republicanism. Most had strong governors with veto power. Most had bicameral legislatures. Property required for voting. Some had universal white male suffrage. Most had bills of rights. Many had a continuation of state- established religions while others disestablished religion.

Occupational Composition of Several State Assemblies in the 1780s

Indian Land Cessions:

Disputed Territorial Claims Between Spain & the U. S.:

State Claims to Western Lands

Land Ordinance of 1785

Northwest Ordinance of 1787 One of the major accomplishments of the Confederation Congress! Statehood achieved in three stages: 1.Congress appointed 3 judges & a governor to govern the territory. 2.When population reached 5,000 adult male landowners  elect territorial legislature. 3.When population reached 60,000  elect delegates to a state constitutional convention.

The United States in 1787

American Exports, To & From Britain:

Annapolis Convention (1786) 12 representatives from 5 states [NY, NJ, PA, DE, VA] GOAL  address barriers that limited trade and commerce between the states. Not enough states were represented to make any real progress. Sent a report to the Congress to call a meeting of all the states to meet in Philadelphia to examine areas broader than just trade and commerce.

Shays’ Rebellion: Daniel Shays Western MA Small farmers angered by crushing debts and taxes.

Shays’ Rebellion:

There could be no stronger evidence of the want of energy in our governments than these disorders. -- George Washington