CHAPTER 2 The First North Americans

Section 1(People of NA) Culture Culture region A people’s way of life. Places where methods of living were alike

Pacific NorthwestMakah Fishing-whaling people Cedar canoes feet long Now Washington st. Wealth of fish Land of plenty, natural.resources

Desert SouthwestAmerican Southwest Hohokam “Perished Ones” dug irrigation ditches to rivers Anasazi “Ancient Ones” moved into the region & built huge apartment-like complexes out of sun- dried clay bricks called adobe

To protect themselves from invaders, they hauled timber & adobe into the crevices of canyons & the tops of MESAS (plateaus that soured high above the desert floor.

By the time the Spanish arrived, the Hohokam and Anasazi had deserted their fields and towns. Some archaeologists believe they fled enemies or drought.

Others (probably descendants of the Hohokam and Anasazi) moved in and built villages called PUEBLOS, Spanish for “town”

The PlainsPawnee Stretched from Rocky Mtns to Mississippi River Covered sweeping grassland of the Great Plains Buffalo herds supplied the Plains people with most of their needs

They used the meat for food, skins for clothes, and bones for tools The Pawnee followed the buffalo herds during the spring and autumn migrations Pawnee lived as nomads during these migrations

For the rest of the year, they lived in semi-permanent villages Each village was independent and had several leaders and priests

Eastern WoodlandsIroquois Cleared land for fields and villages by the SLASH-AND-BURN method Sliced bark off trees, set fire then planted beans, maize, squash, sunflowers

Several groups of Native Americans formed the IROQUOIS LEAGUE to end warfare among themselves. League=alliance for a common purpose Property passed down among women

The leading women of each nation chose members of the council. Unity made the I. League powerful

Section 2 First NC Oral historiesStories passed from one generation to the next.

(NC) Hatteras Chowanoc Tuscarora Catawba Cherokee Scientists think than 34 separate Native American groups lived in NC Native peoples used whatever the land offered (natural resources)

clansGroups of related people Native Americans tended to live in settlements of houses. A chief ruled, but succession fell not to the chief’s son, but to his sister’s son. (traced ancestry through women)

NC Native Americans saw life as a web of relationships, not only among humans, but among plants & animals as well. It took non-Native Americans a long time to understand the way Native Americans viewed the connections btwn themslvs &the world around them.

anthropologistJames Mooney Studied human culture