1 Gender Pay Gap Quiz Welcome to the gender pay gap quiz! This short quiz uses multiple choice questions to explain the causes and impact of the gender pay gap in the EU. It also includes details of where to go for more information and advice. Test your knowledge by taking the quiz today.* *Please note that for some questions more than one answer is possible.

2 1.What is the gender pay gap? A.The difference between how much men and women take home every month. B.The average difference between men's and women's hourly earnings. C.The difference between men and womens pay during maternity leave.

3 1.What is the gender pay gap? Answer: B Women still earn less than men in Europe. The average difference between men's and women's hourly earnings (before any deductions for income tax and social security contributions are made) is known as the gender pay gap. This is the EUs official definition.

4 2.What is the gender pay gap in the United Kingdom? A.19.5% B.11% C.29.5%

5 2.What is the gender pay gap in the United Kingdom? Answer: A In 2010 the gender pay gap in the United Kingdom was 19.5%. The gender pay gap varies across the 27 EU Member States, from around 5% to around 30%. Source: Eurostat 2010.

6 3.What is the average gender pay gap in the EU? A.16.4% B.24% C.33%

7 3.What is the average gender pay gap in the EU? Answer: A In 2010, the average gender pay gap in the EU was around 16.4%. Source: Eurostat 2010 (Provisional source).

8 4.Do employers have the right to pay women less than men for the same work? A.Yes B.No C.In some cases

9 4.Do employers have the right to pay women less than men for the same work? Answer: B No. Paying women less than men for the same work or work of equal value is illegal. EU laws on the issue of equal pay for work of an equal value (Directive 2006/54/EC) exist that ban discrimination on grounds of sex for all aspects and conditions of pay. All EU Member States have incorporated Directive 2006/54/EC into their national legal systems.

10 5.When were EU laws first introduced against the gender pay gap? A.1984 B.1975 C.1991

11 5.When were EU laws first introduced against the gender pay gap? Answer: B EU laws have existed since In fact, the EUs commitment to ensuring equal pay for equal work between women and men dates from even earlier – since the Treaty of Rome in 1957.

12 6.What causes the gender pay gap? A.Employers paying female employees less than their male colleagues for the same work. B.Women working in different sectors and doing different jobs to men. C.Women working shorter hours or part-time to take care of children.

13 6.What causes the gender pay gap? Answer: A, B and C There are many causes of the gender pay gap. Sometimes women are simply not paid as much as men, although they carry out the same work or work of equal value. Women and men often do different jobs and work in different sectors, which can cause there to be a difference between their wages. For example, sectors dominated by women, such as health care, tend to have lower wages than those where men are in the majority.

14 6.What causes the gender pay gap? Answer: A, B and C There are many causes of the gender pay gap. This occurs despite women often having higher education qualifications than men. In fact, in 2010 women made up almost 60% of all university students in the EU. Also, as women generally bear the burden of childcare they tend to work shorter hours or part-time and so earn less as a result.

15 7.When does the gender pay gap most have the greatest impact on a womans life? A.When she starts work. B.When she decides to start a family. C.When she retires.

16 7.When does the gender pay gap most have the greatest impact on a womans life? Answer: A, B and C The gender pay gap can have an impact throughout womens lives. Women entering the labour market can find their skills undervalued compared to mens due to the types of jobs and sectors dominated by women, which are often less well paid. This undervaluing of skills often continues throughout womens careers.

17 7.When does the gender pay gap most have the greatest impact on a womans life? Answer: A, B and C The gender pay gap can have an impact throughout womens lives. As women with families often bear the burden of childcare they tend to work shorter hours or part-time and not take on management positions, both of which affect their earning power for the whole of their careers. In many countries starting a family is the point when the gender pay gap widens between women and men.

18 7.When does the gender pay gap most have the greatest impact on a womans life? Answer: A, B and C The gender pay gap can have an impact throughout womens lives. Earning less over a lifetime also means that women have lower pensions when they retire and are at a higher risk of poverty in old age compared to men.

19 8.Why should we close the gender pay gap? A.Its only fair – women should be treated the same way as men. B.It would boost the economy. C.It would be good for employers.

20 8.Why should we close the gender pay gap? Answer: A, B and C As well as the moral argument for men and women being paid the same for work of equal value, there is also an economic argument. Women have skills and talents that are often under-utilised in the workplace and unlocking these could help companies tackle skills shortages.

21 8.Why should we close the gender pay gap? Answer: A, B and C Valuing women for the work that they do and rewarding their skills and potential fairly can improve a business performance and effectiveness. For example, by helping it to attract and retain talented staff, and creating a positive image of the company with its customers and investors. This in turn would boost the economy.

22 9.What is the EU doing to close the gender pay gap? A.It is telling employers to pay women fairly. B.It is working to raise awareness of the gender pay gap. C.It is encouraging national governments to take action.

23 9.What is the EU doing to close the gender pay gap? Answer: A, B and C Equality between women and men is a fundamental right in the EU. As well as monitoring the implementation of laws, the EU organises initiatives to change attitudes to how men and women and their roles are perceived – in schools, in the home, in the workplace and in society in general.

24 9.What is the EU doing to close the gender pay gap? Answer: A, B and C Equality between women and men is a fundamental right in the EU. For example, in 2011 the European Commission launched the first European Equal Pay Day (EEPD). The EEPD is an annual event to raise awareness of the gender pay gap and how to close it. Its date, which varies each year depending on the average EU gender pay gap, marks the extra days women need to work in order to earn the same salary as men during a full year of work.

25 9.What is the EU doing to close the gender pay gap? Answer: A, B and C Equality between women and men is a fundamental right in the EU. The European Commission has also organised an information campaign aimed at employers, employees and other stakeholders to raise awareness of the gender pay gap, its causes and how to close it.

26 9.What is the EU doing to close the gender pay gap? Answer: A, B and C Equality between women and men is a fundamental right in the EU. In addition, the European Commission recently launched an initiative to help raise awareness of the gender pay gap among companies. This will be done through promoting training activities and encouraging the exchange of good practices on the "business case" for gender equality.

27 10.Im an employee – what can I do if Im worried there might be a gender pay gap in my organisation? A.Use the salary calculator on the gender pay gap website to show the impact of the gap where you work. B.Confront your boss and demand an explanation. C.Contact your national gender equality body for advice.

28 10.Im an employee – what can I do if Im worried there might be a gender pay gap in my organisation? Answer: A and C Using the salary calculator could give you a first insight into any possible gender pay gap.salary calculator If you are concerned, a next step could be to contact your national gender equality body.national gender equality body

29 10.Im an employee – what can I do if Im worried there might be a gender pay gap in my organisation? Answer: A and C Using the salary calculator could give you a first insight into any possible gender pay gap.salary calculator National gender equality bodies are independent organisations that provide assistance to people experiencing discrimination, monitor and produce reports on discrimination issues, and promote equality. Your national organisation will be able to give you detailed advice and, if necessary, help you prepare a case.

30 10.Im an employee – what can I do if Im worried there might be a gender pay gap in my organisation? Answer: A and C Using the salary calculator could give you a first insight into any possible gender pay gap.salary calculator You could also contact a trade union who will be able to support you and offer advice if you decide to take action. In addition, to learn about other peoples experience, you could read case studies where legal cases were brought by employees due to unequal pay between men and women.case studies

31 11.Im an employer - what can I do if I suspect there is a gender pay gap in my organisation? A.Use the salary calculator on the gender pay gap website to show the impact of the gap in your organisation. B.Review the pay structures in your organisation. C.Contact your national gender equality body for advice.

32 11.Im an employer - what can I do if I suspect there is a gender pay gap in my organisation? Answer: A, B and C Using the salary calculator could give you a first insight into any possible gender pay gap.salary calculator The existence of a gender pay gap in your organisation however does not automatically mean that there is a problem of unequal pay between male and female employees.

33 11.Im an employer - what can I do if I suspect there is a gender pay gap in my organisation? Answer: A, B and C Using the salary calculator could give you a first insight into any possible gender pay gap.salary calculator If you are concerned however, a next step could be to examine the pay structures in your organisation to see if explanations exist for any pay differences between male and female employees.

34 11.Im an employer - what can I do if I suspect there is a gender pay gap in my organisation? Answer: A, B and C Using the salary calculator could give you a first insight into any possible gender pay gap.salary calculator You could contact your national gender equality body for advice and support. National gender equality bodies are independent organisations that provide assistance to people experiencing discrimination, monitor and produce reports on discrimination issues, and promote equality.national gender equality body

35 11.Im an employer - what can I do if I suspect there is a gender pay gap in my organisation? Answer: A, B and C Using the salary calculator could give you a first insight into any possible gender pay gap.salary calculator You could also contact a trade union who will be able to support any steps you take and provide useful advice.

36 For more information on the gender pay gap, including its causes, examples of national initiatives and what the EU is doing to close the gap, visit To find out more about the gender pay gap in your county, visit the situation in your country section which includes details of national organisations working in the field of equality.the situation in your country