Oceanic observation network in China 国 家 海 洋 局 State Oceanic Administration Oceanic observation network in China Zhi Chen State Oceanic Administration, China

2017/4/22 Outline 1 2 Operation Status Future Development

2017/4/22 Outline 1 2 Operation Status Future Development

Integrated Ocean Observing System 2017/4/22 Integrated Ocean Observing System Remote Sensing: HY-1 & HY-2 series satellites, CMS aero planes Land-based: Tidal gauges, Radar Vessel-based: Research vessel, CMS vessel, voluntary observing ship Water-based: Buoys, platforms Emergency observing: vehicle, helicopter After over 50 years development, we have established an integrated ocean observation system, from the sky to the underwater. In the sky, we have two satellites and CMS aero planes for remote sensing. Along the near-shore, we have several tidal gauges and radars. Over the open sea, we have research vessels, CMS vessels and voluntary observing ships. We have buoys and platforms as water-based observing techniques. During emergency response period, we also vehicles and helicopters for have emergency observation.

Coastal Observing Stations 2017/4/22 Coastal Observing Stations Coastal observing stations under SOA: 3 branches: Qingdao, Shanghai and Guangzhou 15 key marine stations, managing 109 observing points 71 standard marine stations 38 observing points Elements: Temperature Salinity Tide Wave Meteorology GPS Marine chemistry SOA has three branches for North, East and South China Sea regions management. It is the distribution of coastal observing stations. Along Chinese coastline, we have 15 key marine stations, which manage 109 observing point, 71 standard marine stations and 38 observing points. The observing elements includes temperature, salinity, tide, wave, meteorology, GPS, and marine chemistry.

Coastal Observing Stations Chengshantou Shengshan Zhelang Pingtan Daishan Yun’ao 2017/4/22 Tanggu Xiamen Here is some pictures for your reference. We released the standard for the coastal observing station designing, in order to make them have similar looks. So it is easy to aware they are built for coastal observation.

Buoys maintained by SOA 2017/4/22 Buoys maintained by SOA 18 large-size buoys for meteorology and wave height, seawater temp., et al.； 2 offshore small-size buoys； 2 Deep-sea Moorings； 4 offshore bottom-mounted moorings； 2 tsunami buoys. Radars maintained by SOA 5 Ground wave Radar for current, wave field; 2 X-band Marine Radar for wave field; 1 Radar Ice Sounder for Sea ice regime, thickness. Here is the distribution of the buoys and radars. The total number of buoys is less than 30, it is not so many, which includes 2 tsunami buoys in the South China Sea. We have 8 different types of radars for different elements observing, such as current, wave, and sea ice.

Observing Buoys 2017/4/22 Large-size buoy Argo Tsunami buoy Some pictures for your reference. Also include Argos, which is one part of international Argo plan. Argo Tsunami buoy

Radars 2017/4/22 Current mag., direction Sea ice regime Radar in Xiamen, for current and sea ice observing. Current mag., direction Sea ice regime

………… Remote Sensing: Aeroplane 2017/4/22 Green tide Red tide Sea ice Oil spill ………… The aero planes are used to get area data of some kinds of disasters, such as sea ice, red tide, green tide, as well as the technological disaster, oil spills.

Remote Sensing: Satellite 2017/4/22 Remote Sensing: Satellite HY-1 HY-2 The previous speech, Dr. Song has given a detail introduction about the operational work of the two satellites, so I think you have already have gotten much information about this remote sensing technique application in China.

2017/4/22 Emergency Observing Sea ice

Data observed: GTS Argo RAMA Satellite remote sensing 2017/4/22 Data observed: GTS Argo RAMA Satellite remote sensing SOA real-time observation data … With the above integrated marine observation system, we get a big amount of data in several formats. The data is the base of marine forecast.

Outline Operation Status 1 Future Development 2 2017/4/22 Although through the fifty years, we have established a relatively comprehensive ocean observing system, we know it is still far away from a perfect one, which is able to meet the requirements of many aspects. We still need to work harder to improve the system, for example, when we responded to the two typhoons, Ramasoon and Kalmaegi, in Chinese is Weimaxun and Haiou, we found that in some places, which were hit by the typhoons heavily, were lack of wave element. It influenced the forecast and early warning, and influenced the decision making of the government and people. So in the future, we are going to further enhance the capacity building of ocean observation.

Needs-oriented capacity building Upgrading and new technology adoption 2017/4/22 Future Development System development Scope extension Needs-oriented capacity building Upgrading and new technology adoption International cooperation enhancement Etc.

National Oceanic Observing Network 2017/4/22 System Development National Oceanic Observing Network Operational Basic OON Professional OON National BOON Local BOON hydrology meteorology maritime education research gauge radar plat form buoys ships survey sea floor tsunami satellite gauge radar platform buoys ships What I just introduced is the national basic ocean observing capacity. Our target is to construct a strong network including national, which is maintained by SOA; local, maintained by local government; professional network, maintained by relative organizations or agents.

Scope Extension Near-shore observing Offshore and open sea observing 2017/4/22 Scope Extension Near-shore observing Set up gouges along China coast and islets, including observing stations, coastal radar stations and tsunami warning observing platforms. Offshore and open sea observing Set up in China Sea, including buoys/submarine buoys, standard oceanic sectional survey stations, offshore observing platforms, volunteer ships and platforms, ocean floor observing network, tsunami warning observing network and satellite observing network. Ocean and polar regions observing Arrange observation on focused regions in west pacific ocean, Indian ocean, polar regions, including buoys/submarine buoys, oversea gauges, volunteer ships, oceanic surveys and polar region scientific researches.

Needs-oriented capacity building 2017/4/22 Needs-oriented capacity building Marine disaster mitigation service Marine disaster prone zone Significant coastal projects and industrial districts Climate change and environmental sensitive areas Other vulnerable areas Marine environment safeguard service Sailing routes and maritime channels Fishing boats Search and rescue Others Other Needs

Requirement-oriented capacity building 2017/4/22 Future Development System development Scope extension Requirement-oriented capacity building Upgrading and new technology adoption International cooperation enhancement Etc.

State Oceanic Administration 国 家 海 洋 局 State Oceanic Administration Thank You！ Thank you！