In Text Citations

Why cite? Shows reader where you got your information. Prevents plagiarism Gives credit where credit is due.

When do I cite? When using: someone’s words someone’s ideas or opinions statistics images or pictures facts that are not common knowledge

When I have to cite? Information that is: known by most people (Capital of PA is Harrisburg) beyond dispute (60 minutes=an hour) easily found in several sources and not likely to vary from source to source. (The population of the United States is 281 million.)

Do Cite: Quotes Paraphrasing someone’s ideas/opinions Statistics _________________ Do NOT Cite: Common knowledge

In-text citation: Quote Example sentence from paper: The tropical rain forest is a forest of tall trees in a region of year-round warmth. “ While only 2% of the world’s surface is rainforest, it is considered to be the lungs of the planet”(“Rainforest”). Quote is from this article: “Rainforest Destruction.” Issues & Controversies On File. 15 Jan Issues and Controversies. Facts On File News Services. Web. 9 Feb 2009.

In Text Citation: Statistic Over 50,000 American soldiers were killed in the Vietnam War (“War”). Statistic came from this article: "The War in Vietnam." Vietnam War Reference Library. Vol. 4: Primary Sources. Detroit: UXL, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 11 Dec

In-text citation: Paraphrase It is believed that in order to prevent economic failure then deforestation must be allowed (Grewel 54). Paraphrased from this article: Grewel, John. Protecting the Forests. New York: Macmillan, Print.

Once at Ellis Island, medical examinations were the first step in the acceptance process. Physicians would examine the eyes of the immigrants to check for cataracts, trachoma or conjunctivitis. These vision disorders would result in dismissal back to one’s country. Other physicians would look for mental handicaps, insanity, physical deformities, and other medical conditions. An immigrant faced detention for further examination if the initial check indicated a possible mental or physical condition. (“Ellis”). Doctors made decisions about individuals within two or three minutes. If a doctor suspected a possible condition, the doctor would mark the immigrant’s shoulder with a chalk letter. 2% of immigrants were rejected and sent back to their native country (“Ellis”). People bearing the chalk marks had to wait further examination. “Entire families were held up for hours, sometimes days, when one member underwent this additional scrutiny, causing tremendous anguish and frustration” (Benton 97). Works Cited Benton, John. Immigration. New York: Macmillan, Print "Ellis Island." Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 3. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 11 Dec

Outline with In Text Citations I.Introduction a.Grabber She saved every penny for over 10 years to purchase her passage to America only to be sent back to her home country ( ). b.Thesis II.Housing a.Tenements Over 200,000 immigrants lived in the squalor of New York City tenements ( )