Opportunities from ‘Dynamic Demand Control’ Terry Wyatt. Professor. Hoare Lea Consulting Engineers. UK

EU 2007 Russia Energy Policy 27 Nation States Around: 660Million tonnes GHG Emissions in 2006 10% total Global emissions Energy Policy Adopted March2007:- Almost:500Million Citizens

EU Policy Adopted March 2007- by its 27 Member States Million tonnes Carbon emissions P.A. 600 1200 2020 Year 2050 2000 2010 2040 2030 Business as usual 12 CCS Projects say 10Mt 20% Cut by En Eff. 120 Mt 20% Cut by Ren En. 120Mt 80% Cut by 2050 500 Mt

UK Electricity Typical (2005) 24 Hour Demand Pattern 10 20 30 40 50 06.00 12.00 18.00 24.00 45 GWe Demand Time UK Electricity Typical (2005) 24 Hour Demand Pattern Winter weekday Summer weekday

Instantaneous response is necessary and is obtained by ‘Frequency Sensitive Switching’ Of 2GW of Large Industries e.g. Steelworks Some large storage devices Some 2GW of ‘Spinning reserve’ generators

‘PEAK DEMANDS’ ARE A MAJOR PROBLEM FOR ELECTRICITY SUPPLY So that UK has to keep over 50% Capacity & Distribution facilities waiting on a hierarchy of ‘standby’ to meet it. Giving rise to Some 7Million tonnes of extra emissions of CO2 a year. ‘Peak demand’ could easily be brought under control by Dynamic Demand Control But, as yet, there are no incentives to reducing this waste. We do not face the real price of ‘real time’ production. If we were to then we would certainly adjust our demand accordingly Dynamic Demand Control would serve 2 Functions: To provide a dynamic response to help eliminate the instantaneous changes of duty demanded of the supply grid that currently in UK requires some 2000MW of immediately available ‘Spinning reserve’ generator plant. Causing over 1Million tonnes of ‘avoidable’ CO2 emissions a year. To give users dynamic load control enabling them to minimise the ‘Peaks and times’ in their Demand Patterns and thereby in turn to minimise the total generator and distribution facilities required. An important further benefit of Dynamic Demand Control is that it would better facilitate the ‘acceptance onto the grid’ of local ‘micro-generated’ renewable power. This is at present an unresolved problem for The UK

Residential Wind power 20-50kW Community wind power Micro-Gen. P.V. Bio-Fuelled Furnace-heated clean air Directly drives turbine generator Residential Wind power 1-2kW

In The UK At least 2000MW of ‘Low efficiency Generation’ plant Is kept in ‘Spinning Reserve’ France similarly has 5000MW The EU total must be enormous.

Innovative Tariffs are essential to bring about a correction to this Smart Meters Remote Monitoring Energy End Use and ESCO directive 2006/32/EC May 2008 implementation Of The EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT Article 13 Covers a requirement for more accurate and informative billing. Innovative Tariffs are essential to bring about a correction to this ‘Gross inefficiency’ of our major energy supply system A Tariff that gave a ‘properly priced’ least cost ration of units first with unit charges increasing according to production costs thereafter Would, not only correct the inefficiency and resulting emissions but, also Help to address the ‘Fuel Poverty’ problem for lower income citizens.

‘Smart’ building systems With ‘Smart metering’ for ‘Demand Response’ and ‘Peak Demand’ control Dynamic response on Appliances alone has potential to eliminate need for ‘Spinning Reserve generators’

Conclusion: Dynamic Demand Control could help to eliminate Peak Demands from Electricity Supplies and thereby quickly bring a major contribution to EU Policy, on Energy useage and Climate changing Carbon emissions, at an economic cost below almost any other method The Technology for DDC is developed and, after agreement on content and protocols, would be ready for use. Appropriate Innovation of present-day tariffs is essential to make best use of DDC, Once implemented; Building developers & designers will take advantage and so deliver more sustainable buildings. And users & operators of ALL buildings, both New and Existing, will be able to achieve markedly better ‘Operational Performance’. Terry Wyatt. Professor. Hoare Lea Consulting Engineers. UK