11 School & Society: Chapter 5 Diversity and Equity: Schooling Girls and Women Chapter Five Diversity and Equity: Schooling Girls and Women (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e

22 School & Society: Chapter 5 Diversity and Equity: Schooling Girls and Women Gender & Education in Colonial America First 150 years  mostly barred from public schools  unnecessary to educate girls in agrarian/frontier society  females “unsuited” for intellectual activities Some private schools focus on “polite accomplishments” The Revolution and the “cult of domesticity” (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e

33 School & Society: Chapter 5 Diversity and Equity: Schooling Girls and Women Competing Ideological Perspectives “More effective” female roles Conservative position  women’s place is in the home; no education necessary Liberal position  women’s place is in the home; education helpful Gender Equality Radical Position  equal rights and educational opportunities (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e

44 School & Society: Chapter 5 Diversity and Equity: Schooling Girls and Women Higher Education for Women Academies  focus on “ladylike” subjects  charged tuition  Troy Female Academy most famous Normal schools  focus on teacher training High Schools  free public education  retained focus on domestic concerns Colleges  Antioch and Oberlin (Ohio)  Vassar College as exemplar (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e

55 School & Society: Chapter 5 Diversity and Equity: Schooling Girls and Women Women and Vocational Education Domestic science training  1910 NEA report  ethnic and class bias inherent in curriculum Commercial education Responded to changes in labor market and need for cheap source of clerical labor Class biased as well as sex-segregated (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e

66 School & Society: Chapter 5 Diversity and Equity: Schooling Girls and Women Concluding Remarks Intellectual subordination of women supported by a religious interpretation of humanity American revolution fostered increased educational opportunities, with continued emphasis on preparation for marriage and motherhood Transformed in Progressive Era to “domestic sciences” Teaching as appropriate vocation for women Conservative, liberal, and radical positions still evident today in discussions of social and educational policy (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e

77 School & Society: Chapter 5 Diversity and Equity: Schooling Girls and Women Developing Your Professional Vocabulary Catherine Beecher college education of women colonial education of women cult of domesticity Sarah M. Grimke Horace Mann’s views on the education of women Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 Troy Female Seminary Emma Willard Mary Wollstonecraft (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e