1 Psychology 320: Psychology of Gender and Sex Differences Lecture 63

2 In addition to questions related to lecture content, the exam will include questions related to chapters 11 ( ), 13, 14, 15 and 16 of the textbook. The exam will be scored out of 50 points: 20 multiple choice questions (1 point each), 5-7 extended response questions (3-7 points; totaling 30 points). The exam is worth 20% of your final grade. Exam: April 15, 8:30-11:00, CIRS 1250

Please arrive on time to facilitate rapid distribution of the exams. Bring a pencil, eraser, pen, and student ID to the exam. All electronic devices must be stored prior to the exam. Bags and backpacks should be left at the front of the room. Valuables may be placed under your seat. Turn in extra copies of the exam at the start of the examination period; university policy requires that all exams be accounted for before students are permitted to leave the examination room. 3

4 Office Hours I will hold the following office hours in April to assist students with exam preparation: Friday, April 5, 1:30-2:30 Thursday, April 11, 12:00-1:30 Friday, April 12, 1:30-3:30

5 Reminder Course evaluations will be available online until April 9 th. If you have not received an regarding evaluations, visit: Your feedback is extremely valuable—both to the Psychology Department and to me. I modify courses on the basis of student feedback. Please complete your evaluation for this course. Your evaluation will be anonymous and secure. 5

6 1.What forms of exploitation, oppression, and violence occur within and beyond Canada’s borders? (continued) 2. What goals characterize contemporary equality and equity movements? Exploitation, Oppression, Violence, Equality, Equity, and Social Change

7 2. discuss global efforts (“grass roots” and legal) to eliminate gender-based exploitation, oppression, and violence. 1. generate global examples of gender-based exploitation, oppression, and violence. By the end of today’s class, you should be able to: 3. describe the three goals of contemporary equality and equity movements.

8 5. discuss Canada’s relative ranking on the GDI and GEM. 4. define the gender development index (GDI) and gender empowerment measure (GEM).

9 What forms of exploitation, oppression, and violence occur within and beyond Canada’s borders? (continued)

10 Yugoslavia: Adolescent and adult males were subject to summary execution, forced conscription into military service, rape, and sexual mutilation.

11 What goals characterize contemporary equality and equity movements? 1. Greater flexibility in the social construction of gender. “It is not the biological nature of females and males that serves as the major foundation for people’s view of gender or gender-related activities and preferences, but their conception of what it means to be female or male in our society” (Etaugh & Bridges, 2010).

12 2. Gender equality and equity in relationship power. Movement to egalitarian relationships. Educational and economic equality and equity for females and males. Implementation and enforcement of laws and services to aid victims of violence, harassment, and stalking. Examples:

13 Mandatory arrest policies for spousal assault. Marital rape laws. Residential shelters for victims of family violence. Women’s courts, rape courts. Women’s police stations. Government-operated hotlines. “Protective” laws for individuals who have fled from abuse.

14 3. Gender equality and equity in organizational power. Implementation and enforcement of antidiscrimination legislation in the workplace. Balanced representation of the sexes in top management positions. Balanced representation of the sexes in political office and the legal system.

15 In relation to these goals, Canada has performed well in comparison to other countries. Gender Development Index (GDI): Reflects sex disparities in adult literacy rates, longevity, and purchasing power. Canada’s GDI score =.956 (maximum = 1), ranking 4 th out of 157 countries.

16 Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM): Reflects women’s share of parliament seats; women’s share of administrative, managerial, professional, and technical jobs; and women’s purchasing power. Canada’s GEM score =.820, (maximum = 1), ranking 10 th out of 93 countries.

17 1.What forms of exploitation, oppression, and violence occur within and beyond Canada’s borders? (continued) 2. What goals characterize contemporary equality and equity movements? Exploitation, Oppression, Violence, Equality, Equity, and Social Change

18 Psychology 320: Psychology of Gender and Sex Differences Sex and gender diversity History Measurement Biological differences Gender development Intelligence and cognitive abilities Emotion Friendship Romantic relationships Sexuality Education Careers and work Achievement Physical health Mental health Exploitation, oppression, and violence

19 What action can YOU take? 1. Donate money to organizations seeking gender equality and equity (e.g., Sponsor a child or adult in a developing country (e.g., via Plan International, World Vision). 3. Sign up for updates from organizations working on gender-related issues (e.g.,

20 4. Engage in citizen advocacy; write to or meet with local politicians to voice your concerns. 5. Engage in university or community initiatives that support gender equality and equity. Please contact me if you are interested in initiating a student-led, gender-based initiative at UBC or in our community.

21 “Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness that most frightens us. We ask ourselves, Who am I to be brilliant,... talented, fabulous? Actually, who are you not to be? …. Your playing small does not serve the world. There is nothing enlightened about shrinking so that other people won’t feel insecure around you. We are all meant to shine …. And as we let our own light shine, we unconsciously give other people permission to do the same. As we are liberated from our own fear, our presence automatically liberates others.” Marianne Williamson