Ancient and Egyptian Architecture

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Presentation transcript:

Ancient and Egyptian Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp

Topics Mesopotamia Sumer Babylon Ancient Israel Crete Mycenae

Ancient Near East: Mesopotamia Coexists with same time period as the Egyptians Centered around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers Modern day Iraq Signs of civilization begin to appear around 4500 B.C. Peak of civilization is around 3300 B.C.

Ancient Near East: Mesopotamia - Sumer Great kingdom located in Mesopotamia Building materials were scarce Timber was completely absent and stone was very scarce Mud was used to create bricks Highly soluble in water Most structures have been destroyed due to rain and time

Ancient Near East: Mesopotamia - Sumer Architectural characteristics include: Heavy walls made of mud bricks Great massings of earth Tombs were very rare Temples of interest: Temple VIII at Eridu White Temple at Uruk

Ancient Near East: Mesopotamia - Sumer Temple VIII at Eridu Ancient site near Ur Thick walls of mud bricks Set atop a primitive mud-brick platform Featured stairs leading up to an entrance on the long side of the temple Photo: Sullivan

Ancient Near East: Mesopotamia - Sumer White Temple at Uruk 3500 – 3000 B.C. Placed upon a huge mass of earth called a ziggurat Photo: Sullivan

Ancient Near East: Mesopotamia - Babylon Neo-Babylonian Revival Culture was revived in 612 B.C. Many new temples and palaces were built Thick walls surrounded the city with a distance of some 11 miles Key locations: Ishtar Gate Tower of Babel Palace of Nebuchadnezzar

Ancient Near East: Mesopotamia – Babylon Ishtar Gate Most impressive remnant of the great city Dominated the wide processional avenue and led to the inner city Partly reconstructed in the State Museum, Berlin , Germany Photo: Sullivan

Ancient Near East: Mesopotamia – Babylon Tower of Babel Most famous of all the ziggurats of ancient Mesopotamia Has been restored many times throughout the centuries No one really knows how it actually looked Photo: Sullivan

Ancient Near East: Mesopotamia - Babylon Palace of Nebuchadnezzar The most grandiose palace in Babylon Featured the Hanging Gardens One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World Approximately 900 by 600 ft. in size Has been praised by many historians for its many splendid features

Ancient Near East: Mesopotamia - Babylon Photo: Sullivan

Ancient Near East: Ancient Israel King Solomon’s Temple Built around the 10th century B.C. Located atop Mt. Moriah in Jerusalem Rectangular structure surrounded by open courtyards Rebuilt two times due to invaders The third temple is associated with the Christian New Testament Destroyed in A.D. 70 by the Romans

Ancient Near East: Ancient Israel Photo: Sullivan

Ancient Near East: Ancient Israel Wailing Wall in Jerusalem is believed to be the last remnants of Solomon’s third temple Photo: Sullivan

Ancient Near East: Crete Key locations: City of Troy Was thought to be a mythical location until the 1870’s A.D. Discovered by Heinrich Schliemann Palace at Knossos c. 1700 – 1400 B.C. Possibly built for King Midas Only the ground floor has survived the centuries

Ancient Near East: Crete Photo: Sullivan

Ancient Near East: Crete Photo: Sullivan

Ancient Near East: Mycenae Modern day Greece A great society of warriors More interested architecturally in citadels rather than pleasure palaces Recognized the importance of geometry and proportions in architecture

Ancient Near East: Mycenae Two important structures: Citadel at Tyrins Best preserved citadel of Mycenae Up to 36 ft. thick walls Lined with galleries that featured massive corbelled ceilings Treasury of Atreus Large dome shaped tomb dating back to 1300 B.C. Photo: Sullivan

Ancient Near East: Mycenae Photo: Sullivan

Ancient Near East: Mycenae Photo: Sullivan

References Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/ http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture

Ancient and Egyptian Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp