Chp 7: Human Geography of Canada

Early History Hunters/gathers = land bridge Vikings –Eric the Red & Leif Erickson Italian explorers French & British exploration –Catholics only—French Huguenots not allowed –Fur trapping-intermarriage w/ natives

Unifying Canada 1791 Canada was split into 2 provinces –Upper Canada (Ontario) English speaking majority Protestant majority –Lower Canada (Quebec) French speaking majority Catholic majority

Unifying Canada 1867 British North America Act created the Dominion of Canada –Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia & New Brunswick Self government but still part of the British Empire –Ottawa = capital –1869 Rupert’s land was added to the Dominion 1871 Unification of all of Canada –Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, Yukon, Alberta & Saskatchewan

Canada expands through transportation and industrial development Completion of the transcontinental RR Gold discovered in the Yukon Rapid immigration

Urban and Industrial Growth Moving from rural areas to urban manufacturing and service industries Growth occurs within 100 miles of the U.S. border

Governing Canada 1931 Great Britain recognizes Canadian independence Parliamentary system –Appointed Senate –Elected House of Commons –Prime Minister Each 10 provinces has its own legislature & premier

Take Five Complete the skill builder questions on pg 159

Sec 2: Economy & Culture of Canada First Nations (Canadian native Americans) –Fishing, fur trade & other trade w/ French voyageurs –Primary industries: farming, logging, mining and fishing 10% of the GDP Largest exporter of lumber Mining of gold, uranium, zinc, silver etc major industry 5% land used for agriculture –3% of the population are farmers

Canadian Manufacturing and Service Industries 15% of Canadians work in mfg 20% of the GDP is from mfg 60% of the GDP is from service industries 3% of the population or 75% of the workers are in the service industries NAFTA –85% of exports to the US –75% of imports from the US

Take Five Complete the skill builder questions on pg 160

Canadian Culture Many different cultures –Native (Intuit), French, British, Métis (mixed French and native) –Immigrants –Bilingual—French & British –80% of the population live on 10% of the land –80% live in urban areas –Natives now live of reserves—public lands set aside for their use

Modern Day Canada High standard of living 97% literacy rate Many sports teams and recreational sports Arts

Take Five Complete the skill builder questions on pg 166

Sec 3: Sub regions of Canada The Atlantic Provinces The Core Provinces The Prairie Provinces The Pacific Provinces and the Territories

The Atlantic Provinces Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia & Newfoundland 8% of the entire Canadian population –Most live in coastal areas –Rugged terrain & harsh climate Economy of the Atlantic –Logging=largest industry of the region –Fishing –Mining –Hydro-electric power for supplying Quebec & parts of NE US

The Core Provinces—Quebec & Ontario The “heartland” –Quebec (French) & Ontario (British) –3 out of 5 Canadians live there –Quebec = largest land area –Ontario = largest population

The Prairie Provinces Manitoba, Saskatchewan & Alberta Canada’s “breadbasket” –Agricultural region –50% of Canada’s agricultural production –60% of Canada’s mineral resources Diverse population –Scots-Irish, German, Scandinavians, Ukrainians & Poles –Alberta = most culturally diverse region in Canada

The Pacific Provinces and the Territories British Columbia, Yukon, Northwest Territories, & Nunavut