Application of Sensor Technology to Aerial Emission Sampling

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Presentation transcript:

Application of Sensor Technology to Aerial Emission Sampling            NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH Application of Sensor Technology to Aerial Emission Sampling Brian Gullett U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Bill Mitchell1, Xiaochi Zhou2, Johanna Aurell3 1U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 2DUKE UNIVERSITY, STUDENT SERVICE CONTRACTOR, U.S. EPA 3UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON RESEARCH INSTITUTE JULY 17, 2014 Workshop: “Applications of UAS to Land and Natural Resource Management,” Argonne National Laboratory

EPA/ORD Aerial Emission Sampling PURPOSE: Quantification of emissions from open area sources Aerostat-lofted emission sampling system Developed in 2010 to sample open burning and open detonation of military ordnance Applied to 11 field campaigns 3 OB/OD measurements at Tooele Depot, UT At-sea measurements of burning BP oil, Gulf 4 prescribed forest fires at Eglin AFB, Camp Lejeune, Ft. Jackson Open burning of wastes (“burn pit” simulation) for USAF Agricultural field burning in ID and WA OB/OD for Canadian Department of Defence, Saskatchewan Selected for Bagram Air Base burn pit measurements 4/22/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Emission Sampling Platform: The “Flyer” Total weight ~ 21 kg (46 lb), Flight time 4 h Onboard computer with data transmission User-set CO2 triggering of samplers GPS, CO2, CO Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Black carbon (BC) Brown carbon PM by filter (PM2.5, PM10) Continuous PM2.5, PM10 3D-anemometer 4/22/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency The Aerostat Method 4.9×4.0 m (16×13 foot) in diameter Two layer Polyurethane inner layer Rip-stop nylon as outer layer Helium filled 4/22/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Sampling Campaigns 4/22/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Maneuverability of Aerostat and Flyer Shipboard winch ATV with winch ATVs with winches Single or double Spectra tethers on electric, remote control winches The use of tethers and ATVs can create challenges for positioning (e.g., trees) and equipment (e.g., shrapnel) as well as limit plume residence time and, hence, the ability to collect sufficient sample.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Issues 31 U.S. Code § 1343 - Buying and leasing passenger motor vehicles and aircraft 4/22/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

We can solve the payload issues: EPA/ORD is testing and verifying the performance of commercial gas sensors. These lightweight sensors can replace larger emission monitors for certain applications. We are also developing miniature samplers. We have produced a replacement for the Flyer instrument package… 4/22/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency The “Kolibri” The Kolibri is 3.56 kg and measures CO2, CO, PM2.5, Volatile organics Black Carbon, Brown Carbon. 4/22/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Kolibri vs. Flyer >21kg, 55 x 50 x 45 cm 3.56 kg, 15 x 15 x 30 cm 4/22/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Split Halves of the Kolibri CO Sensor CO2 NDIR Sensor Volatiles Pump Black and Brown Carbon (under) CO & CO2 Pump Battery (under) Particle Filter PM Filter VOC Sorbent Micro SD Power and Flow Controller for PM Board for Control, Power, Communications and Data Logging PM Pump (under) 4/22/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Other Environmental Applications Vegetation identification and management Oil spill detection Fire monitoring Algal bloom identification Landfill emissions Disaster response emission monitoring Community air toxics monitoring Industrial emission characterization 4/22/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Status Kolibri is laboratory-tested 4/22/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency SUMMARY EPA has developed a lightweight sensor and sampler system for quantification of emissions This system will be utilized in our on-going aerial sampling efforts 4/22/2017 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency