WORLD SYSTEMS & COLONIALISM PART 3

COLONIALISM

FIVE MAJOR COLONIAL POWERS Great Britain France Portugal Belgium Germany In addition to these, there was Spain, Italy and the Dutch.

BASIC REASONS FOR EUROPEAN COLONIZATION OF AFRICA Geo-Strategic: Since Africa was being colonized it was important that the _____________________________ Religious: Colonization was done on ___________ Bringing ____________ to the “heathen” Africans

BASIC REASONS FOR EUROPEAN COLONIZATION OF AFRICA Mercantilist: __________ was available for the taking Economic: harvesting the _________________for European good (linked to mercantilist) Provide a boost to the sagging economies of Europe as well as provide markets for manufactured goods ______________________________

African Trade [15c-17c]

Pre-19c European Trade with Africa

Industrial Revolution Source for Raw Materials Markets for Finished Goods European Nationalism Missionary Activity Military & Naval Bases European Motives For Colonization Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Population Soc. & Eco. Opportunities Humanitarian Reasons European Racism “White Man’s Burden” Social Darwinism

AFRICA BEFORE 1882

BERLIN CONFERENCE Impact of Colonialism  Foreign domination of a territory Berlin Conference ( )  Occurred during the New Imperialism period  Also called the ‘Scramble for Africa’  Initial interest  trade routes of the Congo and Nigeria Rivers  Neutral areas for trade

RESULTS: BERLIN CONFERENCE ( ) Powers could only ____________if they maintained sufficient authority to administer and defend them; Niger and Congo rivers were ____________________; the ___________was the private property of the Congo Society; Any new act of possession along the African coast would not be recognized unless reported to the other signatory powers. The phrase_____________ made its first appearance in an international agreement.

Africa 1890

Africa in 1914

EXAMPLE -- RWANDA Castes – Hutus, Tutsi Belgians ruled through Tutsi Hutus gained autonomy after Belgian release Fight for more autonomy – militant 1959 groundwork for ~800,000 Tutsi people killed 10,000-30,000 Hutus killed too 

EXAMPLES Turkey and Kurdistan  Push the Kurds into exile  Denying them their identity Nigeria: Christian and Muslim