Crisis: Rwanda, 1994 Your Name ______________________________ Period ______________ Unit 1 – Africa Lesson 10 – Crisis – Rwanda 1994

The Crisis Genocide: killing of an entire race of people Hutu rebels slaughtered Tutsi ethnic minority Killed nearly 1 million Tutsis Goal: eliminate them from existence

The background to hatred Hutus were angry at Tutsis For years, Rwanda was a colony of Belgium Belgium used Tutsi minority to rule Issued passbooks to show tribal identity Hutus were a majority, but had no power

More background to the hatred Prior to 1962 Independence, Hutus started attacking Tutsis 100,000 escaped to neighboring countries They formed the Rwanda Patriotic Front army (RPF) They attacked from the outside

Hutus prepare to eliminate the Tutsis Every time the RPF attacked, the Hutu government retaliated with slaughter and repression of Tutsis 1973 – a Hutu general overthrew the government in a military coup He ruled as a dictator Juvénal Habyarimana

The 1990 Civil War Foreign investment grew the economy Attacks diminished, population grew, all seemed OK. Mostly, Hutus prospered, Tutsis did not Suddenly, in 1990, the RPF attacked, a Civil War started, and weakened the President 1993 – the Hutu President was forced to sign a peace treaty

The beginning of the conflict Hutus were livid. Some formed civilian run militant group (Interhamwe) to combat RPF 1994, a plane carrying the Presidents of Rwanda and Burundi was shot down Hutus blamed RPF Interhamwe coordinated attacks on Tutsis

The Rwanda Crisis, 1993 RPF (Tutsi rebel army) INTERHAMWE (civilian Hutu thugs) RWANDA MILITARY (sided with Hutus) Extremist Hutu set up road blocks and killed all Tutsi and moderate Hutu Forced civilians to take up arms and rat out neighbors Tutsis were being exterminated

Murders grew to the thousands

Refugees grew the millions

Refugee camp

The “real” Hotel Rwanda guys click Nick Nolte Don Cheadle click Paul Rusesabagina Gen Romeo Dallaire