DO NOW: Recreate the diagram and fill in (use p. 278-281)

Laissez-faire policy Scaled down the military Budget cuts Repealed internal taxes Limited government’s responsibility Lowered national debt

(number 1-5 on a piece of paper) DO NOW: Watch the video “America Under Thomas Jefferson” and answer the 5 video quiz questions at the end of the video (number 1-5 on a piece of paper)

Guide to Reading (cont.) We will learn… how the election deadlock of 1800 was resolved.  how Thomas Jefferson changed presidential policy. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-2

Ways Jefferson and the Republicans simplified government Jefferson believed the responsibilities of the national government should be limited to delivering mail, collecting customs duties, and conducting a census every 10 years. Alien and Sedition Acts expired Cut military expenses Ways Jefferson and the Republicans simplified government Naturalization Act repealed Repeal all internal taxes, especially whiskey How did the changes that Jefferson made when he became president reflect his views about government? Government funds only from customs duties Reduce national debt

I. The Election of 1800 1. The Federalists and Republicans fought a bitter presidential election campaign in 1800.  2. Federalist supported President Adams for a second term  3. Republicans nominated Thomas Jefferson (pages 278–279) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-5

I. The Election of 1800 C. Election Deadlock 1. Both Jefferson and Aaron Burr received 73 Electoral College votes.  2. The House of Representatives had to decide the election.  Finally, at Hamilton’s request, one Federalist voted against Burr, and Jefferson became president and Burr vice president.  3. To avoid another showdown between candidates, Congress passed the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution in 1803. (pages 278–279) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-7

I. The Election of 1800 (cont.) D. Jefferson’s Inauguration 1. On March 4, 1801 Jefferson was sworn in as president.  2. Jefferson believed in policy called laissez-faire  a. This means – let people do as they choose  b. The government would play a small part in the economics of the country (pages 278–279) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-8

Textbook Activity Turn to page 280 in your textbook to complete the ‘Ways Jefferson and Republicans Simplified Government’ Graphic.

II. Jefferson’s Policies 1. Thomas Jefferson believed the strength of the United States was its independent farmers.  2. For this reason Jefferson favored expanding the nation westward.  3. He also believed the federal government should be kept small. (page 280) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-11

B. Jefferson’s Policies 1. He surrounded himself with men who shared his Republican principles.  2. The new government allowed the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire and repealed the Naturalization Act. Samuel Dexter – Secretary of Treasury Henry Dearborn – Secretary of War James Madison – Secretary of State (page 280) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-12

C. Cutting Costs 1. In order to reduce the national debt they scaled down military expenses  2. Jefferson and Gallatin also persuaded Congress to repeal the hated whiskey tax (page 280) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-12

III. Jefferson and the Courts A. Judiciary Act of 1801 1. In the last days as president John Adams appointed hundreds of new judges under the Judiciary Act of 1801.  2. By shutting Jefferson out of the appointments this ensured that the Federalists would control the courts  3. John Adams and John Marshall worked around the clock to appoint the “Midnight Judges”. (pages 280–281) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 1-15

Jefferson and the Courts (cont.) C. Marbury v. Madison. 1. One commission was addressed to William Marbury.  2. To force the delivery of his commission, Marbury took his case directly to the Supreme Court.  3. Chief Justice John Marshall wrote an opinion that turned down Marbury’s case.  4. This was the first time that the Supreme Court has used judicial review – to review and rule on acts of the other branches of government (pages 280–281) Section 1-17

Review: Recreate the diagram below to describe the effects of the appointments of the “Midnight Judges” William Marbury did not receive his commission Marbury takes case to Supreme Court Adams Appoints Midnight Judges Case is turned down (Marbury looses) Established Judicial Review