“GIVE ME YOUR TIRED, YOUR POOR, YOUR HUDDLED MASSES YEARNING TO BREATHE FREE, THE WRETCHED REFUSE OF YOUR TEEMING SHORE, SEND THESE, THE HOMELESS, THE TEMPEST-TOST TO ME, I LIFT MY LAMP BESIDE THE GOLDEN DOOR!” EMMA LAZARUS Immigration/Migration

What are the push factors? Why do people emigrate? Scarcity of Land Poverty Persecution War Lack of Freedom (religious, political)

Immigration/Migration What are the pull factors? Why do people immigrate to a particular nation? Expanded freedom Jobs/Economic opportunity Family is already there

Immigration/Migration It is believed that the first immigrants were the Native Americans crossing the Bering Land Bridge. The first major English immigrants were the Puritans during the first half of the 17 th Century.

Immigration/Migration After the American Revolution, there was an intense migration to trans-Appalachian land which would lead to the formation of new states (KY, TN). By 1820 enough Americans had moved west that all states east of the Mississippi River had been formed except Michigan and Wisconsin. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 would lead to a large forced emigration of African-Americans to the South. By 1850 there were over 3 million slaves in the American South.

Immigration/Migration 1830’s – Forced migration of Native Americans from land east of the Mississippi to reservations in present day Oklahoma (Indian Territory) st mass immigration to the United States. Most immigrants were from Ireland but people from other Northern and Western European nationalities moved to the US. Beginning in the 1840’s, Americans begin to migrate westward during the Manifest Destiny movement. Mormons were the largest group to move west due to the religious persecution that they faced in NY. They would settle in Utah.

Immigration/Migration California Gold Rush Migration After the Civil War: Ranching, farming booms lead to the closing of the frontier by Exodusters – former slaves moving west to farm/ranch. Former slaves also migrate North to work in factories. Immigration : 2 nd large wave of European immigrants. This time from Eastern and Southern Europe. (Melting Pot image first surfaces) Asian immigrants also arrive in large numbers.

Immigration/Migration First Great Migration of African Americans to Northern urban centers. 1930’s Dust Bowl farmers migrated westward to California in the hopes of finding jobs. Many Americans traveled the rails or walked from town to town looking for work Second Great Migration of African- Americans to Northern cities. 1970s-now 3 rd major wave of immigration to the United states. Latino nationalities are the origin of this large immigrant group coming to the US – primarily from Mexico.

Anti-Immigration Feelings 1840s-1860s – Nativism – anti-catholic riots; “Irish need not apply”; charges of despotism Know Nothing Party (1840s) KKK Chinese Exclusionary Act 1882 National Origins Quota Act 1924 limited immigration into US to 150,000 per year. After WW1 and WW2 Red Scare Current state legislation (AZ and GA)