 בן 45 עם כאבי פרקים סימטרים עם נפיחויות, קשיון בוקר מעל שעה חודשיים  RF חיובי, ESR 70, CRP 10 עם נורמה פחות מ 0.5 מג '\ דל '  וולטרן לא עזר  באישפוז.

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 בן 45 עם כאבי פרקים סימטרים עם נפיחויות, קשיון בוקר מעל שעה חודשיים  RF חיובי, ESR 70, CRP 10 עם נורמה פחות מ 0.5 מג '\ דל '  וולטרן לא עזר  באישפוז קיבל זריקת סינקטן (ACTH) וחל שיפור ניכר בכאבי פרקים  קיבל עירוי סטרואידים במינון של סולומדרול 50 מג ' לעירוי ליום  הוחל טיפול משולב ע " י זריקות מטוטרקסט 15 מג ' לשבוע, פלקוניל 400 מג ' ליום, סלזופירין 2 ג ' ליום מלווה כדרי פרדניזון במינון 10 מג ' ליום  כעבור שנה התלקחות דלקת פרקים, הופסק פלקוניל וסלזופירין והוחל טיפול ב Remicade נוגדנים ל TNF אלפא  לאחר תקופת הפוגה של שנה התלקחות חדשה, הופסק רמיקאיד  הוחל טיפול ב Enbrel זריקות תת עוריות פעמיים בשבוע ( קולטן נמס של TNF אלפא )  כעבור שנתיים התלקחות חדשה, קיבלה טיפול ב נוגדנים ל CD 20 של B-cells

Antirheumatic therapy Risk Benefit 1

Empathy 2

3

Nonpharmacologic therapy Education Cognitive behavior therapy Relaxation Stress management 4

Nonpharmacologic therapy Rest Exercise Light Heat Cold Hydrotherapy Manipulation Electricity US 5

Pharmacotherapy: Analgesics Paracetamol Dipyrone (Optalgin) Oint Zostrix (Capsaicin) Amitriptillin, Carbamazepine Codein Tramadol Oxycodone Durogesic (Phentanyl) transdermal patches 6

Outcome Measures in Rheumatic Diseases Pain assessment VAS Tender joint count Swollen joint count Disability HAQ, WOMAC C-reactive protein ESR Imaging: X-Ray, CT Erosion score Joint narrowing

Anti CD20 Mabthera Anti TNF: Remicade,Enbrel 8

NSAID’s: Processes influenced by NSAID’s Inflammatory mediators: Prostaglandin synthesis Leukotriene synthesis Neutrophil function: Superoxyde production Lysosomal enzyme release Immunocompetent cell function: Lymphocyte activity RF and NO production Cytokine production 9 Pain reduction Inflammation reduction Disease modifying effect: preventing joint damage

NSAID’s inhibition of COX1 and COX2 Cyclooxygenase 1 (COX1) provides constant gastric mucose production gastro-duodenal bicarbonate gastric blood flow and tissue repair renal blood flow platelet aggregation Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) is induced only by IL-1, TNF-alpha, LPS promotes synthesis of proinflammatory PG 10

NSAID’s inhibition of COX1 and COX2 NONSELECTIVE INHIBITORS of COX Indomethacin, Aspirin, Piroxicam, Ibuprophen, Diclofenac, Piroxicam, Naproxen PREDOMINANT COX2 INHIBITORS Nabumetone, Etodolac, Nimesulide SELECTIVE COX2 INHIBITORS Celecoxib (Celcox), Rofecoxib (Vioxx), Etoricoxib (Arcoxia) 11

Adverse reactions to NSAID Gastrointestinal: GER, peptic ulcer, perforation (nonselective) Hepatic: transaminasemia, cholestasis Renal: acute renal failure, interstitial nephritis, hypeK Hematologic: cytopenia, red cell aplasia, hemolysis (nonselective) Cutaneous: urticaria, photosensitivity, erythema multiforme, TEN Respiratory: bronchospam, pneumonitis CNS: headache, dizziness, aseptic meningitis (ibufen, sulindac) Exacerbation of hypertension (common) Increased rate of vascular events

Leflunomide (Arava) Isoxazole derivate Active metabolite A Immunological efects of leflunomide inhibits dihydro-orotate-dehydrogenase(pyrimidine syn) T-cell arrest by activation p53 inhibits B-cell proliferation and AB-production RF reduction rapidly inhibits NF-kB and acute phase response Inhibits chemotaxis of neutrophils

Biological therapy and side effects Anti-TNF: Infliximab (Remicade) antibodies to TNF, given intravenous schedule: weeks 0,2,4, and every 8 weeks hypersensitivity HACA-neutralizing antibodies, the need for MTX ANA, Anti-DNA, rare drug induced lupus very rare hematological malignancy demyelinating disorder aplastic anemia 15% patients are not responders infections, tuberculosis

Biological therapy and side effects Ethanercept (Enbrel) soluble receptor to TNF, given subcutaneously 25 mg twice a week Local reactions Hypersensitivity Non-neutralizing antibodies, non need for MTX ANA, Anti DNA, rare drug lupus Neuropathy Very rare hematological malignancy (case reports) infections, rare tuberculosis

Rituximab mediated CD-20 blockade