2 TYPES OF BACTERIA: Bacteria - Get food from an outside source Cyanobacteria - Make their own food Bacteria - small one celled monerans Bacteria like a warm, dark, and moist environment They are found almost everywhere: -water -air -soil -food -skin -inside the body -on most objects http://www.specialedprep.net/MSAT%20SCIENCE/KingdomMonera.htm http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/monera.html

Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups: 3 Shapes of Bacteria Bacteria are classified by shape into 3 groups: Spiral spirilla Rod-Shaped bacilli, bacillus Round cocci http://www.east-buc.k12.ia.us/Ins/00-01/HS/le1.GIF

Leptospira interrogans – (spirilla) Bacillus anthracis – (bacillus) – causes the disease anthrax in livestock (cows) 3 Shapes of Bacteria Neisseria meningitidis (coccus) – causes meningitis, a life threatening disease where the brain becomes inflammed http://www.east-buc.k12.ia.us/Ins/00-01/HS/le1.GIF Leptospira interrogans – (spirilla)

Reproduction of Bacteria Binary Fission - the process of one organism dividing into two organisms Fission is a type of asexual reproduction Asexual reproduction- reproduction of a living thing from only one parent www-raider.stjohns.k12.fl.us/.../ sv16.html

Reproduction of Bacteria The time of reproduction depends on how desirable the conditions are Bacteria can rapidly reproduce themselves in warm, dark, and moist conditions Some can reproduce every 20 minutes (one bacteria could be an ancestor to one million bacteria in six hours) http://www.east-buc.k12.ia.us/Ins/00-01/HS/le1.GIF

Bacteria Survival Endospore - a thick celled structure that forms inside the cell they are the major cause of food poisoning allows the bacteria to survive for many years they can withstand boiling, freezing, and extremely dry conditions it encloses all the nuclear materials and some cytoplasm

3 ways to control bacteria: Controlling Bacteria 3 ways to control bacteria: 1) Canning - the process of sealing food in airtight cans or jars after killing bacteria * endospores are killed during this process 2) Pasteurization - process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria http://www.specialedprep.net/MSAT%20SCIENCE/KingdomMonera.htm 3) Dehydrating-removing water from food * Bacteria can’t grow when H2O is removed example: uncooked noodles & cold cereal

- Lyme disease - cholera - bubonic plague - Tuberculosis - salmonella Harmful Bacteria Pathogenic bacteria – bacteria which cause disease. Enter a body and take nutrients from the host or produce toxins - Lyme disease - cholera - bubonic plague - Tuberculosis - salmonella Communicable Disease – Disease passed from one organism to another http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/monera.html

Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay Helpful Bacteria Decomposers help recycle nutrients into the soil for other organisms to grow Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay Many are used to make antibiotics that can treat bacterial diseases Some bacteria help make insulin that help people with diabetes Used to make industrial chemicals http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/monera.html

Helpful Bacteria Used to treat sewage Organic waste is consumed by the bacteria, used as nutrients by the bacteria, and is no longer present to produce odors, sludge, pollution, or unsightly mess. foods like yogurt, cottage & Swiss cheese, sour cream, buttermilk are made from bacteria that grows in milk http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/monera.html

Controlling Bacteria Antiseptic vs. Disinfectants Antiseptic- chemicals that kill bacteria on living things means – “against infection” Examples: iodine, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, soap, mouthwash Disinfectants - stronger chemicals that destroy bacteria on objects or nonliving things

BLUE-GREEN BACTERIA can be toxic to humans and animals Blooms- occur when the bacteria multiplies in great numbers and form scum on the top of the water