Business School, SDJU Chinese-English Bilingual Teaching For Logistics & Supply Chain Management Chapter 8. Logistic Decision- making 姜 阵 剑

Business School, SDJU Logistic Decision-making Logistic Decision-making Logistic Decision Organization Strategic Direction Mission Analysis Effort Logistic Driver

Business School, SDJU Logistic thinking can apply at any level right down to the organization of paperwork flows in an administration office. maximize total efficiency and effectiveness. Strategic level of the organization

Business School, SDJU 敏捷物流 敏捷战略的目标是对不同或变化的环境迅速作出反 应，向客户提供高品质的服务。 敏捷有两个方面的含义。第一是反应的速度，敏捷 的组织一直在检查客户的需求，对变化作出迅速反应； 第二是物流根据不同客户需求而量身定做的能力。

Business School, SDJU 组织的管理层次和业务流 组织的管理层次和业务流 高层决策层 高层决策层（战略层） 中间管理层 中间管理层（战术层） 执行管理层 执行管理层（操作 / 作业层） DSS MIS EDP/TPS 领导职能 组织职能 计划职能 控制职能 作业职能 数据处理 / 事务处理 决策支持 管理信息系统

Business School, SDJU 各层管理的任务 战略（决策）层： 制定组织的长远规划，确立总方针，把握市场动态，监督 政策执行情况。（属长期计划范围） 战术（管理）层： 实行对组织内部的控制、管理，包括资源的获取和组织， 计划、资金的监控，组织下层工作的开展，汇总和反馈情况 ，提出改进意见等。（属中期计划范围） 作业（操作 / 执行）层： 按照计划实施组织内部日常的业务处理工作。（是组织中 最经常、最基本的活动）

Business School, SDJU Organization structure  quicker decision-making process  increased ‘span of control’ 1. Logistic Decision Organization

Business School, SDJU Management style  Organizations and managers who adopt an autocratic style of management tend to keep decision-making authority at the higher management levels and not to delegate it down to lower ones.  All decisions take a long time to make as the requirement has to pass up the chain and the decision has to come back down by the same route. 1. Logistic Decision Organization

Business School, SDJU Management style pre-requisites. – in appropriate decision-making techniques. – The limits of authority – Potential decision-makers – Potential decision-makers must be supported by senior management. – A ‘no-blame’ culture must exist. – The intent of senior management must be made clear to all. 1. Logistic Decision Organization

Business School, SDJU 2. Strategic Direction The intentions of management will be communicated down through the organization in a number of ways. In this process, there are three terms we must consider. – The strategic aim (or desired end-state). – The mission statement. 任务 / 使命说明 – The tasks to be carried out. 具体工作的实施

Business School, SDJU The strategic aim 战略目标 This is the highest level statement about what the organization’s leaders wish to achieve. The Board The strategic aim 2. Strategic Direction

Business School, SDJU The mission statement 任务 / 使命说明 The tasks to be carried out 2. Strategic Direction

Business School, SDJU STRATEGIC AIM To be among the top 10 performing companies in the sector within 5 years MANAGING DIRECTOR’S MANAGING DIRECTOR’S MISSION increase turnover by 20%, reduce costs by 30% within 5 years in order to be among the top 10 performing companies in the sector WAREHOUSE DEPT MISSION reduce inventory by 10% in order reduce overall cost by 30% TRANSPORTATION DEPT MISSION reduce transportation costs by 20% in order reduce overall cost by 30% SALES DEPT MISSION increase sales by 20% TRAFFIC OFFICE MISSION reduce dead miles by 10% in order reduce transportation costs by 20% MAINTENANCE DEPT MISSION reduce vehicle down time （故障时间） by 20% in order reduce transportation costs by 20% TASKS implement advanced routing and scheduling techniques 路线和时间安排技术 TASKS operate extended working hours

Business School, SDJU The tasks to be carried out If the mission is the desired end then the tasks are merely the means to achieve that end. The starting point for deciding tasks that are set for departments and individuals in the form of operating procedures, job descriptions and work instructions, should be the mission statement. The mission statement provides a focus for all concerned to work towards, and channels and directs any competitive spirit to a single goal. 2. Strategic Direction

Business School, SDJU Now suppose a particular train service suffers a delay early on in its journey although this may be through no fault of the operator, he will, nevertheless, know that his performance target is at risk if the service continues to make all the timetabled stops. The Mission: The people will be in the right place and at the right time. The Task: to arrive at the destination on time. 2. Strategic Direction

Business School, SDJU The example : shows how concentration on how a mission is to be achieved, rather than on what is to be achieved could end up in a situation where the operation is successful but the patient dies （手术成功但病人死去）. 2. Strategic Direction

Business School, SDJU 3. Mission Analysis Mission analysis In the example of the train operator the question ‘even if I cannot achieve my task, what can I do that will make the best contribution towards the achievement of the mission?’ 虽然火车到达终点的时间会延迟。不过，对于旅客来说却 是有利的。

Business School, SDJU 4. Effort Central to the process of mission analysis will be an understanding of what is the main priority. This factor doesn't come into play/effect in this case. 这个 因素在这里不起任何作用. When delays occur the driver has a choice to make: to opt for a safe but late arrival or to try to make up the lost time at the risk of an accident.

Business School, SDJU 5. Logistic Driver An organization has a large number of stakeholders, The major factors include the following. – Legislation – Economic – Financial – Resource availability – Industry standards – Performance management

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Business School, SDJU Exercises 教材 P111