Water Ressources Management (Jenin Governorate) An-Najah national university Prepared by : Alhussain Sawalha & Ahmad Yaseen 5,january,2011

Introduction Water is an extremely important issue, not only in the Middle East, but also in every community in the World. Without water, there is no life. Water can create wars or be the key to regional cooperation. There for it is of great importance to manage the limited available water resources..

Introduction The effective management of water resources is essential to the development of medical, social,agriculturalandindustrial development in all countries, especially the developing once..

Introduction Water is life. Living on the earth may be impossible without adequate water quality and quantity. Water makes up more than half of your body weight and a person can't survive for more than a few days without it. Water is needed on daily basis in all activities.

Importance of the study The purpose of this report on the master planning for Jenin service area, is to provide the basic information necessary to develop the water supply master plan for the area. The water supply master plan is presented on the basis of this information, and the facility planning which was conducted using the compiled and presented Is:

Importance of the study  the delineation of the service area;  the estimation of current and future population and water usage within the service area;  the current water supply infrastructure within the service area;

Study Motivations The motivations of work are: The fast growing population, urbanization and the expansion of development and economic activities that exert pressure on available water resourses. Importance of understanding the extent of the existing problems in the water sector. Give decision makers that can aid them in planning and management.

Location The Jenin governrate is located in the northern part of The west bank, on the on the north tip of the main mountain range crossing the interior area of Palestine, with its north and east mountain extending towards Bissan and the Jordan valley. Located next to the bottom of mountainous overlooking the marj ibn amer plain,

Location the governorate is a confluence of three environments (mountainous, valley (Aghwar) and plains). It is bordered by the Nablus governorate to the south, the Tulkarem governorate to the south –west, the tubas governorate to the south east, and the green line along the other borders

Area Of Jenin The district is located between 90 and 750m above sea level (ARIJ, GIS unit). The area of the Jenin district in 1945 was 835,214 km², but after the 1948 war, the area was reduced to 592 km², which means that 243,214 km² were taken by the Israeli military forces.

Population The population of the Jenin governorate is about 256,619 in 2007 (PCPS, Census 2007) with a 42% urban population,54% rural, and 4% representing the inhabitants of the Jenin refugee camp. The population is spread across 83 localities, with 39,004 people living in Jenin city and10, 371 in Jenin refugee camp.

Population There are five other towns with a population size exceeding 9000, namely: Qabatiya, Yamoun, Arraba, Yabed, and silat al-Harithiy.As such, 46% of the governorate's population resides in six localities, in additional to the refugee camp.

Governance and administration The local Governance and administration of the governorate consists of 12 Municipal Councils, 30 village councils and 34 project committees. However, there are a number of localities which have no local official administrative structure.

WATER USAGE Data for per capita water consumption rates for domestic water usage, commercial and industrial water usage and agriculture water usage within the service area are not readily available. It is estimated that per capita water use in the municipal areas of the service area is on the order of 48L/C/D, and in the rural area it is less than that

WATER USAGE The Quantity of Water Supply for Domestic Sector in Jenin Governorate in Year, Year Governorate Jenin

WATER USAGE The Quantity of Water Supply for Domestic Sector in Jenin Governorate and Source, 2008 Governorate Source Total Wells(1)Springs(3)Purchased(4) Jenin

WATER USAGE The Quantity of Water Supply for Domestic Sector and Population and Daily Allocation per Capita in Jenin Governorate,2008 Daily allocation per capita (liter/capita/day) Population (01/07/2008) Quantity of water supply for domestic sector (Milion m3) Governorate , Jenin

Existing Water Resource There are three water resource in Jenin Governorate Ground Water Wells Springs Purchased water

Ground Water Wells The main source of water for municipal use supplied to the Jenin area is a few drilled wells. there are a total of about 62 wells in the area. Seven wells are used exclusively for municipal supply, and many of the irrigation wells are used for local domestic supply also

Springs There are seven spring in Jenin governorate discharging small amount of water. The amount of supply is Million m3/year for the year 2007

Purchased water Some water supplied to Jenin governorate comes through the Israeli company Meleort. The amount of supply is about 1.98 Million m3/year for the year 2007.

Present Water System There are 83 communities in Jenin of which 52 communities have a water supply network while the other 39 communities do not have a water supply system at present

Served Communities The total amount of water supplied to the served communities is Million m3/year which gives a per capita water supply of 45.5 l/c/day.

Un Served communities There are 39 communities forming 45% of Jenin communities who do not have a water supply system

master planning To proceed with this master planning, it is to divide Jenin Governorate into clusters. After reviewing the topography,the location and the services on the ground,Jenin governorate communities has been distributed into 8 clusters

Future water demand The anticipating water demand in the Governorate of Jenin in 2035 have been calculated based on the statistics given by the Palestinian Center for the year 2005 and based on the following assumptions:

Future water demand 1) Average daily per capita consumption of 150liters/capita/day 2) Percentage of the amount of water lost during distribution is equal to 15% 3) Previous hypotheses based p, the average daily per capita consumption for 2035 is according to the following law

Demand = 150 / (1-.150) = 180 L/C/day Future water demand 4) Coefficient of population growth used the Palestinian Center for Statistics is 3.5%

Future water demand 5) Population were calculated for 2035 using the following law Pop2035 = Pop2005 ( )^30 = Capita

Future water demand The estimated population in year 2035 is capita And the estimated future water demand requirements in year 2035 is Mcm/year

Future water demand The estimated water gap that needs to be bridged by the year 2035 in Jenin governorate is

Future water demand The purpose of our planning is to bridge the estimated water gap by offering new water sources for each cluster. Three potential water sources are considered, those are:

Future water demand 1.Rainwater harvesting 2. Rehabilitation of existing water networks 3. Development of Ground water sources

Rainwater harvesting Household rainfall catchments systems are appropriate in areas with an average rainfall greater than 350mm per year. Often cisterns are built to catch and store rain water. Assume the average house area is 150m2 and the average rainfall considered as 350mm per year.the number of buildings for each cluster is calculated according to the data from the Palestine central bureau of statistics. By substituting in the next formula we can calculate the volume of cistern of each cluster.

Rainwater harvesting Volume of cistern =( total number of buildings)*(average house area)*(rain full rate) The amount of MCM/year can be collected through rain water harvesting.

Rehabilitation of existing water networks In prevue studies we considered an available loss of water in the network as 20% for year 2007 and 10% for year 2035.such losses can be reduced by improving the existing network of Jinen governorate, so we can replace some of the deteriorated and old lines in the network.such action will provide more water amounts The saved amount of water due a rehabilitation is Mcm/year

Remaining Gap The calculated amounts of remaining gap for each cluster of Jinen governorate.remaining gap are locally implemented within each cluster, and needs no water conveyance.and the total Gap in Jenin Governorate is Mcm/year

Development of Ground water sources Based on ground water studies for the Jenin governorate, Different well locations has been identify to cover the remaining Gap

Proposed projects Based on estimated future water demand for the next 25 years, the following infrastructures show the proposed projects that will cover this demand. Each package may consist of ground water well with booster station, transmission pipeline, pump, and reservoir. In order to determine the diameter of the transmission pipeline, the pump power and the reservoir volume many assumption and calculation are made.

Proposed proje cts The velocity of the transmission pipelines is assumed to be (1m/sec) The diameters of the transmission pipelines are calculated using the continuity equation Q =A*V Where: Q :the demand floe rate in transmission pipeline for year (m3/s) A: the area of transmission pipeline perpendicular to direction of flow rate(m2)

Proposed projects The head loss in transmission pipeline is calculated using Daccy-Weisbach equation Hl = (F* L/d)(v ²/2g) Where: Hl : the head loss in transmission pipeline,(m) F : coefficient of friction loss, is assumed to be (.01) L: length of transmission pipeline between ground water well and the enterance of reservoir,(m) D: Transmission pipeline diameter(m) V : the velocity of flow rate (m/s) G : Acceleration of Gravity (9.81M/s)

Proposed projects The pump head is calculated using Bernolli equation. Z1+hp=Z2+hl Where: Z1:the elevation of ground water well above the sea mean level (m.) Z2 : the elevation of the reservoir above the mean sea level (m) Hl : the head loss in transmission pipeline,(m) Hp : pump head (m)

Proposed projects The pumps power is calculated using the equation below. Power = (γ *Q*hp)/ Efficiency Where : Power :the pump power in watt In order to obtain the power in horse power (hp), divide the power in Kilowatt(KW)by a factor equal to (0.7457). γ : Density of water (9810n/m) Q :the flow rate (m3/sec) Efficiency : the efficiency is assumed to be 75%

Conclusion The following cash flow shows the headed investment to implement the plane.

Conclusion From the previous flow chart it can be noticed that the proposed projects will be accomplished by year 2028 to cover the water demand

The End