The Growth of Democracy John Quincy Adams Andrew Jackson

New Democratic Politics Nation moves toward nationalism and sectionalism Nation moves toward nationalism and sectionalism South  cotton growing & slave system South  cotton growing & slave system North  commercial industrializing economy North  commercial industrializing economy * Westward expansion strengthens national pride

Expansion of Suffrage New Western states extend right to vote to all white males over 21 New Western states extend right to vote to all white males over 21 By 1820, most ‘older states’ followed suit By 1820, most ‘older states’ followed suit Universal white manhood suffrage still excluded women and African Americans Universal white manhood suffrage still excluded women and African Americans

The Election of 1824 The Numbers A. JacksonQ. AdamsH. ClayH. Crawford Popular vote151,363 (41.36%) 113,142 (30.92%) 47,545 (12.99%) 41,032 (11.21%) Electoral Vote A Corrupt Bargain…….leads to “Four Miserable Years!”

Election of 1828 John Quincy Adams v. Andrew Jackson 44% of popular vote 56% of popular vote *Calhoun becomes VP again and Van Buren becomes secretary of state “victory for the common man”

Jackson Presidency ( ) “Age of the Common Man” “Age of the Common Man” Spoils System Spoils System “Kitchen Cabinet” “Kitchen Cabinet” Vetoed more than all of previous presidents combined Vetoed more than all of previous presidents combined

Sectional Leaders South, John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) South, John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) North, Daniel Webster (Massachusetts) North, Daniel Webster (Massachusetts) West, Henry Clay (Kentucky) West, Henry Clay (Kentucky)

Infrastructure & Inventions Maysville Road Bill of 1830 Maysville Road Bill of 1830 National Road 1808 National Road 1808 Erie Canal proposed 1817 Erie Canal proposed 1817 Steamboats 1807 Steamboats 1807 Railroads 1830 Railroads 1830 Steel Plow 1837 Steel Plow 1837 Reaper 1834 Reaper 1834

Nullification Crisis Sectional differences between North and South become prominent over the protective tariff Sectional differences between North and South become prominent over the protective tariff Southerners protested but were outvoted by North and West Southerners protested but were outvoted by North and West *Doctrine of Nullification * Exposition and Protest 1828 (Abominable?) Ordinances of Nullification Ordinances of Nullification

Maysville Road Veto 1830

Indian Removal Indian Removal Act 1830 Indian Removal Act 1830 Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) & Worcester v. Georgia (1832) Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) & Worcester v. Georgia (1832) “The Trail of Tears” 1838 “The Trail of Tears” 1838

Indian Removals

Bank War – 1832……. Bank directed by Nicholas Biddle Bank directed by Nicholas Biddle Clay & Biddle propose early rechartering for the bank. Clay & Biddle propose early rechartering for the bank. Jackson vetoes, declaring bank unconstitutional Jackson vetoes, declaring bank unconstitutional

Election of 1836 Loose coalition of opposition formed  Whigs Loose coalition of opposition formed  Whigs Sectional Whigs ran against Van Buren; William Henry Harrison, Hugh Lawson White, W.P. Mangum, and Webster. Sectional Whigs ran against Van Buren; William Henry Harrison, Hugh Lawson White, W.P. Mangum, and Webster. Whigs failed, showed weakness of sectional politics Whigs failed, showed weakness of sectional politics

Panic of 1837 Bank wars continue and inflation rises Bank wars continue and inflation rises Jackson issues Specie Circular Jackson issues Specie Circular ‘Contraction’ of credit leads to Panic ‘Contraction’ of credit leads to Panic Recession lasted six years Recession lasted six years *Federal government took no in action in aiding victims of recession

Whigs & Democrats Democrats Whigs -independent yeoman farmers -nationwide appeal -favored expansion, Indian removal & freedom on the frontier -‘conservative values’ -initiators or beneficiaries of economic change -american system -infrastructure -religion* -governmental intervention (economic and social reforms)

Election of 1840 William Henry Harrison v. Martin Van Buren William Henry Harrison v. Martin Van Buren Died one month after inauguration 47% of popular vote, 20% of electoral votes 53% of popular vote 80% electoral votes And then…

Advances Printing Revolution 1826 Printing Revolution 1826 Telegraph 1844 Telegraph 1844 Often looked to Britain for literary values and standards. Often looked to Britain for literary values and standards. Eastern seaboard cities build cultural foundation of American art and literature Eastern seaboard cities build cultural foundation of American art and literature Advances in construction; balloon-frame Advances in construction; balloon-frame