Chapter 7: The Emergence of Modern Canada Ms. Dow Socials 10

Key Understandings Section 7.1 – Laurier Section 7.2 – Immigration Wilfrid Laurier, Manitoba Schools Act, Boer War, Naval Crisis, Alaskan Boundary Dispute, Reciprocity, Wonders of the Laurier Age Section 7.2 – Immigration Clifford Sifton, Push and Pull Factors, Life on the Prairies, Life in the City Section 7.3 – Human Rights Suffrage Movement, FN Rights, Frank Oliver, Komagata Maru and Continuous Passage

The Emergence of Modern Canada Klondike Gold Rush Wilfrid Laurier Laurier’s Compromises Wonders of the Laurier Age

The Klondike Gold Rush Last great gold rush in North America 1899 – 1903 Thousands made the dangerous and long journey to the Klondike River in the Yukon

Wilfrid Laurier Prime Minister between 1896-1911 First French-Canadian Prime Minister Laurier’s Compromises Imperialism: A French English Split

Nationalist vs Imperialist (French vs English) Nationalist (mostly French)– Majority from French Canada Goal is to further Canada as a nation Canada should not support Britain in her wars of imperialism Imperialist (English)– Majority of Canadians claim origin and cultural ties with Britain British before Canadian Canada should be a junior partner to Britain See Nationalists as ungrateful and unpatriotic

Manitoba Schools Act 1890

The Issue The Compromise English majority wanted change the language laws. The Act removed government support from Roman Catholic Schools. The act cut off money for Catholic schools and made English the only language of instruction. The Compromise Manitoba would not have to support Catholic schools, but the public system would provide half an hour at the end of each day for religious instruction. French teachers wherever there was 10 or more French students

Reactions French were outraged! They felt that they had given up much more than the English in the compromise. English were happy about the decision. They wanted a system that reflected the English majority.

2. The Boer War 1899-1902

The Issue After the discovery of gold and diamonds in South Africa, Britain wanted control. They fought against the “Boers (Dutch colonists) who resisted the British advance Britain asked Canada for help to fight against the Boers in South Africa. The Compromise 7,000 volunteer soldiers went to South Africa to fight alongside the British Once they got there, they were Britain’s responsibility not Canada’s

Canada and the Boer War

Canadians at Paardeburg

Beside the British

Reactions French sided with the Boers – thought it was wrong for Britain to be invading South Africa English wanted to help Britain in their international campaigns.

3. The Naval Crisis and the Naval Services Bill

The Issue The Compromise Britain asked Canada to give them money to build more warships in order to compete with Germany. French thought it was a mistake to support Britain and wanted their own Can. Navy. Most English were happy to support Britain. The Compromise The Naval Service Bill: Canada would create its own navy, which would then serve Britain if Britain went to war.

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RCN’s First Ship the NIOBE

Reactions French Canadians opposed Laurier’s plan. They were worried about being involved in wars that were unrelated to Canadian security. English Canadians made fun of Canada’s “tin pot navy”. It was too small and too out of date.

4. ALASKAN BOUNDARY DISPUTE 1903

The Tribunal’s Decision The Issue Boundary between Canada and Alaska was not clearly defined. Who was in control? The Tribunal Tribunal was created: 3 American officials, 2 Canadian officials and one British official (who sided with the Americans!) The Tribunal’s Decision The Americans should have claim to the boundary of the Alaska Panhandle.

Reactions All Canadians (Fr. And Eng.) were outraged! International politics had made the decision. Because Britain did not want to further anger the US (they were already in a border dispute in South America) they sided with the US in the vote.

Wonders of the Laurier Age The Car The Airplane Wireless Communications Arts and Leisure

The Car Car introduced around 1901 Oldsmobile made many of the first cars Massey-Harris and the Canadian Cycle and Motor Company went into the production of cars At first only available to the rich but eventually changed the lives of millions

Early Models Riker Electric Torpedo 1901 - Owls Head Museum

McLaughlin Buick

Not Always Accepted PEI banned automobiles in response to complaints that they tore up the roads and frightened children and livestock BUT by 1907 there were so many cars, the first gas station in Canada opened in Vancouver

The Airplane J.A.D. McCurdy flies the first time in Canada. He flew the Silver Dart in Cape Breton NS. Altitude: 10 meters Distance: 1 km

Communications Technology Canada’s size made it fertile ground for new communications technology The Telephone was VERY successful Double the phones per person as the States Work as an operator was hard and difficult work for very little pay. Page 285

Guglielmo Marconi Used his technology to send and receive the first wireless signal in the world from Europe to North America The message was in Morse Code

Enjoying Life: Arts and Leisure Growth in spectator sports and outdoor recreation Babe Ruth’s first home run Grey cup Football Calgary Stampede George Dixon – World Boxing Champion Ned Hanlan – Rowing World Champion

Poets, Writers and Artists Emily Carr – BC Artist Lucy Maud Montgomery – Anne of Green Gables Robert Service – poet “The Cremation of Sam McGee” Pauline Johnson – Metis writer