Building Capacity for Disaster Management & Enhancing Resilience Leadership for Results Program for Mid-Level Officers in the Nepalese Civil Service Dr. Thurid Hustedt Kathmandu, September 22, 2015

Objectives  Understanding the stages of the disaster management cycle –Deepened understanding of the mitigation and preparedness stages to enhance resilience  Understanding the crucial relevance of resilience  Ability to develop concepts, measures and strategies to enhance resilience in the Nepalese context  Ability to apply this knowledge to individual organizational and professional contexts Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 2

Session Outline 1.Key terms in disaster management 2.Stages of disaster management 3.Crucial relevance of resilience 4.Group work 5.Wrap-up Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 3

1.Key terms in disaster management Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 4

Clarifying Key Concepts: Stages of Disaster and Crisis Management Source: CRED 2013: 4 Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 5

Key terms in disaster management  Disaster –“A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.” (UNISDR 2009: 9) –Natural vs. technical/man-made disasters  Hazard –“A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.” (UNISDR 2009: 17) –Biological, geological, hydrometeorological, socio- natural, technological  Risk  Vulnerability  Resilience Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 6

Key terms in disaster management  Vulnerability –“The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.” (UNISDR 2009: 30)  Resilience –“The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions.” (UNISDR 2009: 24) Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 7

2. Stages of disaster management Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 8

Stages of disaster management  Many concepts and approaches  Stage / phase model most widespread (Alexander 2000, Crondstedt 2002) –Four (sometimes: five) stages –Analytical sequences Pre-,within and post-stage of disasters Prevention, preparation, response and recovery Prevention by risk-reduction Preparing for events Response by established structural and procedural arrangements Recovery, often through policy or organizational reforms to be ‘better off’ in the next event. Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 9

Stages of disaster management Source: Coppola 2011: 10 (based on Alexander 2002) Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 10

Stages of disaster management  Mitigation or prevention or risk-reduction –Pre-stage of a disaster –Reducing the likelihood and effects of a hazard –Prevent that society will be adversely affected by a hazard –Reducing hazard vulnerability –E.g. reducing greenhouse gas emissions, coastal protection policies, land use policies, building codes (incl. implementation) Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 11

Stages of disaster management  Preparation or preparedness –Pre-stage of a disaster –Establishment of measures to be effective in the event of a disaster –Reduction of a disaster`s impact when it occurs by knowing ‘what to do, if’ –Precautionary measures –E.g. emergency response plans, training for emergencies … Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 12

Stages of disaster management  Response –Within-stage of a disaster –Actions and measures taken to minimize or reduce the impact of a disaster when it occurs or immediately thereafter –Relief –Preventing further losses or damages –Most complex stage –Information and coordination –E.g. warning and evacuation, rescue measures, supplying resources (water, food etc.) Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 13

Stages of disaster management  Recovery –Post-stage of a disaster –After the end of the immediate response –Renormalization of lives after the impacts of a disaster –Repairing and reconstruction –Medium- to long-term time frame –Can involve policy learning, policy change or organizational reforms –E.g. rebuilding damaged infrastructure, reimbursement for losses Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 14

Actors in disaster management  All stages –Governmental actors at all levels of government –Emergency management (civil protection) agencies –Parliament (mainly mitigation + preparation) –External actors (Scientific) advisory bodies, experts (academia, NGOs)  Response: + ‘first response actors` –Global standard set-up Fire departments, police (law enforcement), emergency medical services, emergency management agencies, military, NGOs  Recovery: + International organizations Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 15

3. Crucial relevance of resilience Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 16

Crucial relevance of resilience  Societies/communities with a high degree of resilience suffer less from disasters  Link between development and disaster impacts –Less developed societies suffer more from disasters (low resilience) –95% of all disaster-related deaths occur in developing countries (World Bank 2008) Hazardous locations, weaknesses in urban planning and public infrastructure, weak informal coping systems, unawareness, absence of early-warning systems … –Disaster impacts as long-term impediments to development  International level –Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters (HFA) (2005) –Led by the UN, key planning document Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 17

Crucial relevance of resilience  HFA priorities –Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation –Identify, assess, and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning –Use knowledge, innovation, and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels –Reduce the underlying risk factors –Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels  Mitigation and preparedness Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 18

Crucial relevance of resilience Source: Coppola 2011: 13 Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 19

Crucial relevance of resilience: Measures to increase resilience I  Political –Building codes and enforcement In general For public infrastructure (e.g. earthquake resilient schools) –Land use + deforestation policies –Urban planning –Creating responsibility (high level coordination body)  Administrative –Coordination arrangements –Communication flow between actors –Creating resilient administrative organizations (locations etc.) –Creating responsibilities –Training for involved actors /simulations Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 20

Crucial relevance of resilience: Measures to increase resilience II  Scientific/technical –Early warning systems –Risk assessments at small scales  Social/cultural –Awareness rising –Education Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 21

Group work Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 22

Lessons learned  Why can disaster management be understood as a cycle? –What are the different stages and their key features?  Why is resilience considered to be of crucial relevance in coping with disasters? –What is it about? –What are key measures to enhance resilience?  What are key issues in disaster management in Nepal?  What measures could address those issues to enhance disaster resilience in Nepal? Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 23

Thanks a lot for your attention! Dr. Thurid Hustedt Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences University of Potsdam August-Bebel-Str Potsdam Germany Dr. Thurid Hustedt: Disaster Management 24