Asian Imperialism How Western Nations Forced Change

Why did European Nations Imperialize Asia and Africa? Industrialization Militarism Nationalism Capitalism – Marxist Theory – Capitalists need to expand at all times. Racism Social Darwinism / White Burden Missionaries Out of Room in Europe – there is no place for expansion here

Britain’s Spheres of Influence Sphere of Influence: – Area in which an outside power claims exclusive trading and governing privileges Britain attempted to create a “sphere of influence” in many places as possible – More land = More Power = More Wealth

India – The Crown Jewel of the British Empire 1700’s – Mughal Empire 1600’s – 1700’s – British East India Company By the early 1800’s in fighting gave the British a chance to step in 1857 – Sepoy Rebellion – Cartridges of weapons dipped in beef and pork fat – Sepoy Soldiers 1858 – 1945 – The Raj – Oppressive time

The Sepoy Rebellion

The Raj Queen Victoria known as Empress of India Takes government power away from private companies and directly regulate them. Oppressive – had to buy British goods and sell to British merchants. Faced famine in 1876 and 1900 – estimates put the death at 10 million or more.

Indian Nationalism 1880’s – Indian National Congress – Hindu’s 1906 – Muslim League 1914 – WWI 1919 – Amritsar Massacre Gandhi and Satygraha

Gandhi – Nationalist Hero 1890’s – South Africa Satygraha Swadeshi – Boycott Policy Homespun 1930 – Salt March After WWII – 1946 given independence Partition of India Assasination – Jan. 1948

China – The Great Carving

Spheres of Influence – Qing Dynasty – started off isolated By 1800’s Britain decided to get involve – Opium War Treaty of Nanking – Extraterritoriality Open Door Policy – US 1900 – Righteous Harmonious Fist – The Boxer Rebellion 1911 – Sun Yixian

Japan Commodore Matthew Perry – Invasion of Tokyo Harbor Forces the change to Emperor Meiji and centralization of power. Japan modernizes, industrializes, westernizes and imperializes themselves. Sino-Japanese war Russo-Japanese War – 1904 Washington Naval Conference

Commodore Matthew Perry

Emperor Meiji – First Emperor to be more powerful than Shogun

Japanese Zaibatsu’s – Companies supported by the government.

Sino-Japanese War – Korea and Manchuria ceded to Japan.

Washington DC Naval Conference – 9 Powers Treaty

The Middle East – Most of the Middle East in Ottoman Emp – Arab Revolt – pushed by Brits and French 1919 – Sykes-Picot Treaty – Divided between Britain and France – British and French randomly draw lines between countries – including Iraq. – T.E. Lawrence

T. E. Lawrence

Ali of Hajez – Leader of the Arab Revolt

Conflicting Promises The British had promised the holy land to three different groups – TH Lawrence – Independent Arab State – Hussein-McMahon Correspondence – Land to Hashemite – Balfour Declaration – British promised homeland to Israel. Zionism an influence

The Modern Arab World