Notes Ch. 17- Manifest Destiny and War

I. Manifest Destiny and Expansion

A. Manifest Destiny What? U.S. would expand to the Pacific Why? *Social (America was “special” *Economic (more land to grow crops- $$$ *Political-Democracy could work!

B. Territorial Expansion 1.Louisiana Purchase 2.Florida by treaty

3. Election of 1844 Henry Clay (Whig) vs. James Polk (Dem.)

Results of Election of Election of 1844

Polk was expansionist… Wanted more territory!

a ’ or Fight” – U.S. wanted all of Oregon.

“54 40 or Fight”

b. Compromise with G.B. at 49th Parallel

D. Texas March 1845 Congress voted to annex Texas.

II. The Mexican War A.Causes 1. U.S. and Mexico had a disputed border claim. 2. Area between the Rio Grande and Nueces Rivers.

Map-disputed territory Nueces River Rio Grande

B. Beginning of the war 1. Polk sent Gen. Zachary Taylor into disputed area “Old Rough & Ready”

2. Polk sent John Slidell Mexico with an offer to buy Texas and California

3. Taylor refused to leave when ordered to do so by the Mexican commander, so Mexico attacked and killed 11 Americans and took others prisoner.

2. President Polk then asked Congress for a Declaration of War “American blood has been spilled on American Soil!” -POLK

C. U.S. response to war 1.U.S. government asked for 50,000 but 200,000 volunteered to fight. 2.1 st war covered by Newspapers.

Volunteers from New Hampshire

U.S. response (cont.) 3. Patriotic Songs and increased National pride.

4. Opposition- Douglass Abolitionists- Spread of slavery Pacifists- Unjust war

4. Opposition- Thoreau Jailed for refusing to pay his taxes!

D. American Victories 1. General Taylor scored victories at ___________ and _______________ which drove Mexican forces back into Mexico. Palo AltoMonterray

2. General Stephen Kearney Attacked New Mexico and captured the town of _______ without a fight. Santa Fe

KEARNEY

3. John C. Fremont Encouraged Americans in northern California to revolt in what became known as the Bear Flag Revolt

Kearney FREMONT KEARNEY TAYLOR

E. End of the War 1. General Taylor received more troops and launched an attack deeper into Mexico where he eventually defeated Santa Anna.

2. President Polk replaced General Taylor (Polk thought Taylor’s popularity might encourage him to run for President )

3. Gen. Winfield Scott replaced Taylor Captured the Mexican fortress at Veracruz then marched to Mexico City. “Old Fuss and Feathers”

Map: Mexican War Campaigns

Landing at Veracruz

winning a key battle at Chapultepec U.S. won battle for Mexico City

Map: Mexican War Campaigns

Sept., 1847 Mexico surrendered

F. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1.Mexican Cession includes most of present day  California  Arizona  New Mexico  Utah  Nevada

And parts of…….. Colorado and Wyoming.

2. U.S. gained the disputed territory between Mexico and …. Texas. Over 500,000 square miles.

3. U.S. paid Mexico $15 million and assume $3 million in debts.

G. Gadsden Purchase U.S. paid $10 million to Mexico for what is now southern….. Arizona and New Mexico

III. More Settlers Head West A.Led to more conflicts between settlers and ___________. B.Cultural Encounters- _______, ________, and ___________ cultures influenced each other in the west. Indians Indian SpanishAnglo

The Mormons 1. Joseph Smith founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints who are typically called Mormons.

Mormons 2. Mormons stressed hard work and __________, but some Mormon men practiced _______ which caused persecution. community polygamy

The Mormons 3. Mormons moved to Illinois, but when ________ was killed they moved to the Great Salt Lake under the leadership of _____________ Smith Brigham Young

The Mormons 4. The Mormons used __________ to turn the desert in fertile land. irrigation

The Mormons 4. The Mormons used __________ to turn the desert in fertile land. irrigation Brigham Young

IV. California- The World Rushed In

A. Forty-niners- Went to California in search of Gold

3. Work PanningSluice

Forty-niners

D. Life in Mining Camps

B. Caused tremendous growth in California San Francisco C. Within two years, California had enough people to apply for statehood.

San Francisco 1854

D. Supplies and Provisions Very expensive The store owners got rich Levi Strauss

E. boomtowns Towns that grew quickly because of gold mines. Many became ghost towns.

F. Women Very few Some were miners

G. The California Dream- Did not become reality for most!

H. Chinese & Other Immigrants 1.Many Chinese were indentured servants. 2.Treatment- Prejudice, discrimination 3. Other immigrants-Mexico, Chile

I. Effects of the Gold Rush 1.Population- EXPLODED! 2.Californios-discriminated against 3.Indians- attacked and destroyed