Mapping Forest Canopy Height with MISR We previously demonstrated a capability to obtain physically meaningful canopy structural parameters using data.

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Presentation transcript:

Mapping Forest Canopy Height with MISR We previously demonstrated a capability to obtain physically meaningful canopy structural parameters using data from MISR in a geometric-optical (GO) modeling framework. Assessments against U.S. Forest Service cover and height maps over ~200,000 km 2 in New Mexico and Arizona were encouraging (Chopping et al Large area mapping of southwestern forest crown cover, canopy height, and biomass using the NASA Multiangle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer, Remote Sensing of Environment 112: ). Canopy height is required for estimating aboveground woody biomass, e.g., for quantifying loss and recovery from disturbance. The following slides show how MISR/GO retrievals perform with respect to lidar-derived canopy heights over forest in Colorado. Contact: Mark Chopping

MISR/GO (08/02) vs CLPX * lidar (09/03): Calibration Sites ** MISR/GO height and crown cover retrievals are more accurate with respect to CLPX lidar and orthophoto-based crown cover estimates than Forest Service 2005 Interior West empirical estimates (based on MODIS VCF/VI, Forest Inventory Analysis, and many other variables). The lidar canopy height estimates were derived from ground and vegetation elevations obtained from a discrete return lidar survey with a spot spacing of ~2 meters. * Cold Land Processes Experiment ( ** Sites used to extract background contributions for dynamic background prediction Sites (1-6: grassland, 7-14: forest)

MISR/GO retrievals are more accurate vs CLPX lidar heights than Forest Service Interior West map empirical estimates. The FS Interior West map (for forest only) misses forest in sites MISR/GO anomalies for sites are easily screened out as crown cover >> 1.0 (#14 in previous slide). CLPX sites (1-36 are grassland; are forest) grasslandforest MISR/GO (08/02) vs CLPX lidar (09/03) Heights: All Sites

GLAS over NE China 2 MISR over Rocky Mtns Although not strictly comparable, this provides a first indication of respective performances. While the MISR/GO results show bias, waveform lidar height estimates from GLAS typically provide RMSEs of ~3-5 m (accuracy is impacted by topography and varying crown shape). 1 Geoscience Laser Altimeter System on the ICESat platform. 2 Pang et al. 2008, Temperate forest height estimation performance using ICESat GLAS data from different observation periods, International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences Vol. XXXVII, Part B7, Beijing 2008, Cold Land Processes Experiment ( MISR/GO Results vs GLAS 1 Results for Forest Height R 2 = 0.71 RMSE = 2.8 m N = 57 3

Rocky Mountain MISR/GO 250 m Height & Crown Cover Maps Terra orbit (August 10, 2002). Rectangular areas show where surface retrievals failed; multi-pass compositing on min(inversion_RMSE) can provide wall-to-wall coverage because clouds and contrails result in higher model fitting error (not shown). 1 meters meters Crown CoverMean Canopy Height Denver Fort Collins clouds Denver Fort Collins

Results are model-based, not empirical fits to data or trained (MISR retrievals are completely independent of the lidar data.) Good accuracy vs lidar height estimates: RMSE=2.8 m, R 2 =0.71, N=57. Low sensitivity to topography; no corrections applied. Parsimonious: only red band data are required. Low cost: uses EOS MISR data; global record from Rapid: 200,000 km m in ~60 minutes, using modest facilities. The background contribution can/must be calibrated for varying conditions: only one coefficient set required for Rocky Mountain forest. Limitations: bias apparent; further work is required. Applications: baseline crown cover, canopy height, and aboveground biomass records in support of DESDynI; mapping distributions of aboveground woody carbon stocks over large areas; biomass loss and recovery from fire and other disturbance; mapping understory density; corrections for snow cover maps. Contact: Mark Chopping Mapping Forest Canopy Height with MISR: Summary

Limitations: the method is unsuitable for closed canopies, i.e., tropical forest; separate calibrations may be needed for shrubs and forest. Can map low woody vegetation (shrubs) in addition to forest. The background estimate is an indicator of understory density. Model fitting RMSE is sensitive to clouds, even thin cirrus, allowing multi-pass minimum-error compositing to compensate for surface BRF retrieval failures and cloud and cloud shadow contamination. E.g., see the New Mexico/Arizona results in the next slide and Chopping et al Large area mapping of southwestern forest crown cover, canopy height, and biomass using the NASA Multiangle Imaging Spectro- Radiometer, Remote Sensing of Environment 112: Contact: Mark Chopping Mapping Forest Height with MISR: General Observations

MISR/GO vs USFS Map Heights: New Mexico/Arizona N=576, random points, widely distributed. Results composited on minimum model fitting error and filtered for topographic shading.