1 Consumer Exposure Assessment at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: A ccomplishments and Opportunities for Global Collaboration Thomas Brennan and Susan Hazen US EPA Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances International Society of Exposure Analysis Stresa, Italy September 2003

2 Questions About Exposure What is the source of the contaminant? Is the contaminant available when the exposure occurs? What is the population potential exposed? What are the potential exposures and potential dose rates for the population of interest?

3 Questions About Exposure What is the concentration, fate, and transport in the environment? What is the frequency, magnitude, and duration of exposure? What are the limitation, uncertainties, biases associated with the assessment?

4 Guidelines for Exposure Assessment Describe the general concepts of exposure assessment;Describe the general concepts of exposure assessment; Including definitions and units;Including definitions and units; How to plan and conduct an exposure assessment; and,How to plan and conduct an exposure assessment; and, How to present the results of an exposure assessment and characterize uncertainty.How to present the results of an exposure assessment and characterize uncertainty.

5 Dermal Exposure Assessment Principals and Applications Provides the principles of dermal absorption;Provides the principles of dermal absorption; How to apply these principles to dermal exposure for water, air and soil scenarios;How to apply these principles to dermal exposure for water, air and soil scenarios; Summarizes experimental values of dermal absorption;Summarizes experimental values of dermal absorption; Recommended predictive structural-activity correlations for pollutants in aqueous media and in air.Recommended predictive structural-activity correlations for pollutants in aqueous media and in air. For dermal exposure to soil, several approaches are suggested.For dermal exposure to soil, several approaches are suggested.

6 Exposure Factors Handbook Provides statistical data on various factors used in assessing human exposure, including: Drinking water consumption;Drinking water consumption; Soil ingestion;Soil ingestion; Inhalation rates;Inhalation rates; Dermal factors such as skin area and soil adherence factors;Dermal factors such as skin area and soil adherence factors; Food consumption; and,Food consumption; and, Human activity factors.Human activity factors.

7 Consolidated Human Activities Database (CHAD) Contains data obtained from pre- existing human activity studies collected at city, state, and national levels.Contains data obtained from pre- existing human activity studies collected at city, state, and national levels. Provides input data for exposure/intake dose modeling and/or statistical analysis.Provides input data for exposure/intake dose modeling and/or statistical analysis. Two versions available: on-line; and PC version.Two versions available: on-line; and PC version.

8 Exposure Assessment Tools and Models Web Site Several exposure assessment methods, databases and predictive models.Several exposure assessment methods, databases and predictive models. E-FAST;E-FAST; WPEM; and,WPEM; and, MCCEM.MCCEM.

9 EPAs Exposure & Fate Assessment Screening Tool (E-FAST) Developed by the US EPA – TSCA New Chemicals Program.Developed by the US EPA – TSCA New Chemicals Program. Assesses use of consumer products within a residence.Assesses use of consumer products within a residence. Both dermal and inhalation pathways of exposure are evaluated.Both dermal and inhalation pathways of exposure are evaluated.

10 Wall Paints Exposure Model (WPEM) Developed by the US EPA.Developed by the US EPA. Consumer and occupational potential exposure to the chemicals emitted from wall paint.Consumer and occupational potential exposure to the chemicals emitted from wall paint. Assesses oil-based (alkyd) and latex wall paints.Assesses oil-based (alkyd) and latex wall paints. Can be used to assess exposures in single family homes, apartments, and industrial settings.Can be used to assess exposures in single family homes, apartments, and industrial settings.

11 Multi-Chamber Concentration and Exposure Model (MCCEM) Developed by the US EPA.Developed by the US EPA. Higher Tier Tool for inhalation exposure analysis.Higher Tier Tool for inhalation exposure analysis. Much more user control compared to the E-FAST model.Much more user control compared to the E-FAST model. MCCEM can be used to evaluate consumer products as well as materials such as carpets, furniture, and building materials.MCCEM can be used to evaluate consumer products as well as materials such as carpets, furniture, and building materials.

12 Pesticide Inert Risk Assessment Tool (PIRAT) Human exposure and risk to pesticide inert ingredients in the residential setting. This will include: Indoor and outdoor;Indoor and outdoor; Dermal, inhalation, and incidental oral exposure scenarios;Dermal, inhalation, and incidental oral exposure scenarios; Risk from application and post- application;Risk from application and post- application; Multiple formulations; and,Multiple formulations; and, Adults and children.Adults and children.

13 OPPTS International Toolbox Developed by EPAs Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances as part of our international commitment to protecting human health and improving the environment.Developed by EPAs Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances as part of our international commitment to protecting human health and improving the environment. The Toolbox is available as a CD-ROM with useful links to web sites.The Toolbox is available as a CD-ROM with useful links to web sites. Unique collection of data, computer models, and valuable information.Unique collection of data, computer models, and valuable information.

14 OPPTS International Toolbox A resource for on-line information on sound chemical management Partnerships for sustainable development;Partnerships for sustainable development; Regulatory activities;Regulatory activities; Information by chemical class;Information by chemical class; Chemical models and databases; and,Chemical models and databases; and, Locations and settings.Locations and settings.

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18 EIS-CHEMRISKS Opportunities and collaboration.Opportunities and collaboration. Need for effective communication throughout the exposure assessment scientific and regulatory communities.Need for effective communication throughout the exposure assessment scientific and regulatory communities.

19 Imageining the future of EIS CHEMRISKS Will EIS CHEMRISKS be:Will EIS CHEMRISKS be: A valuable and trusted resource for exposure assessors?A valuable and trusted resource for exposure assessors? Connected to a world wide network of global exposure assessment information?Connected to a world wide network of global exposure assessment information? A focal point for policy discussion regarding global harmonization of risk assessment policies?A focal point for policy discussion regarding global harmonization of risk assessment policies?