1 The Writing Process

2 Quote from Joseph Pulitzer on Technical Writing “Put it before them briefly so they will read it, clearly so they will appreciate it, picturesquely so they will remember it, and above all, accurately so they will be guided by its light. “

3 Why do you need a writing process? It can help writers to  organize their thoughts.  avoid frustration.  use their time productively and efficiently.

4 Pre Writing Re WritingWriting The Writing Process Pre Writing Writing

Pre Writing Prepare to Write !

6 Pre Writing  Examine your purpose  Determine your goals  Consider your audience  Gather your data  Determine how the content will be provided

7 Examine your purpose  Why are you communicating ? External Motivation  If someone asks you to write Internal Motivation  If you write on your own

8 Pre Writing  Examine your purpose  Determine your goals  Consider your audience  Gather your data  Determine how the content will be provided

9 Determine your Goals  What is your reason for communicating? Persuade an audience Instruct an audience Inform an audience of facts, concerns, or questions Build trust by managing work relationships.

10 Pre Writing  Examine your purpose  Determine your goals  Consider your audience  Gather your data  Determine how the content will be provided

11 Consider your audience  What type of audience are you addressing in your communication? Management Sub ordinates Co workers Customer Multi cultural group of individuals

12 Pre Writing  Examine your purpose  Determine your goals  Consider your audience  Gather your data  Determine how the content will be provided

13 Gather your data  Decide what you have to say Brainstorming/Listing Mind Mapping Answering the reporters questions Researching Outlining Organizational Charts

14 Brainstorming / Listing  All ideas are respected and recorded, no matter how wild.  Write down everything that comes to your mind; don’t worry about sorting out “good” and “bad” ideas.  Don’t worry about spelling or grammar.  E.g What can you do if you win one million dollars today? Brainstorming

15 Mapping  “Mapping,” sometimes called “semantic/ idea mapping” or “webbing,” is another way to organize your ideas.  Start with your topic in the center, and branch out from there with related ideas.  Use words and phrases, not complete sentences.

16 Example Map My future family Raise healthy, happy children Stay close to my in laws Make them a priority education work Eventually get a PhD Never stop learning Instill a love of education in my children Learn to love whatever work I am doing Use the skills I have learned in as many ways as possible Stay at home while raising children

17 Answering the Reporter’s Questions  To use questioning at its best, try projecting yourself into the role of a reporter.  What questions could you ask to elicit information from other people?  The traditional “five W’s and H” can be expanded to full-fledged questions. Who? What? When? Where? Why? How?

18 Doing Research  Using search engines  Literature and Magazines  Conducting interviews  Libraries

19 Outlining  “Outlining” is a more organized form of pre- writing than the others we discussed.  When you start placing ideas in order, you are beginning a scratch outline.  It can be used after you have generated ideas through brainstorming or other pre-writing techniques.  It works well for structured types of writing such as essays, thesis and reports. OUTLINE I. Introduction A. Grab attention B. State thesis II. Body A. Build points B. Develop ideas C. Support main claim III. Conclusion A. Reemphasize main idea

20 Example Outline I.Introduction: Internet chatting has advantages and disadvantages. II. Advantages a) meet people around the world b) not based on appearance III. Disadvantages a) can you trust them? b) may be too far away to meet in person IV. Conclusion: Some success stories, but too risky

21 Charting  Charting works very well for comparison/ contrast writing or examining advantages and disadvantages.  You can use many different kinds of charts, depending on your topic and the kind of writing you are doing.

22 Example Chart

23 Pre Writing  Examine your purpose  Determine your goals  Consider your audience  Gather your data  Determine how the content will be provided

24 Determine how the content will be provided  Decide which way will be best for communicating ? Memo SMS Web Letter Brochure Newsletter Etc

Writing Time to Write !

26 Writing  Organization Organize the draft according to some logical sequence that your readers can follow easily.  Formatting Format the content to allow for ease of access.

Re Writing Improve Your Writing

28 Re Writing  Revising  Editing  Proof reading

29 Revising  Review higher-order concerns: Clear communication of ideas Organization of paper Paragraph structure Strong introduction and conclusion

30 Revision  Is purpose clear?  Is audience clear?  Is thesis strong?  Is thesis supported?  Is tone appropriate?  Transitions between ideas and paragraphs?  Sentences smooth?  Words vivid?  Grammar?  Punctuation?  Spelling?

31 Editing Strategy CCapitals OOverall Appearance PPunctuation S Spelling COPS

32 Proofreading  Review later- order concerns: Spelling Punctuation Sentence structure Documentation style

33 Proofreading tips  Slowly read your paper aloud.  Exchange papers with a friend.  NOTE: Spell check will not catch everything, and grammar checks are often wrong!

Let’s Revise !!

35 What we studied today? Re Writing Pre Writing Writing

36 Pre Writing  Examine your purpose  Determine your goals  Consider your audience  Gather your data  Determine how the content will be provided

37 Writing  Organization Organize the draft according to some logical sequence that your readers can follow easily.  Formatting Format the content to allow for ease of access.

38 Re Writing  Revising  Editing  Proof reading