Mining And Forestry
Mining
Open Pit Mining
Open Pit Mining This method is used when the resource deposit is close enough to the surface for mass removal and to be economically viable
Open Pit Mining Impacts Destruction of vegetation Large volume of unused waste rock Disruption of Groundwater Production of dust and radon gas from explosions Monga Bay, Australia
Open Pit Mining A simple layered open pit mine.
Open Pit Mining A digging wheel at work.
A close up of the Digging Wheel Open Pit Mining A close up of the Digging Wheel Bigger Size = Greater Efficiency
Open Pit Mining
Underground (Shaft) Mining
Underground (Shaft) Mining Wire mesh to prevent loose rocks from falling.
Underground (Shaft) Mining Temporary support beams
Underground (Shaft) Mining A scooptram at work.
Underground (Shaft) Mining
Underground (Shaft) Mining
Underground Mining Impacts Destruction of Vegetation Influence on Water Table Abundance of dust and noise Also: Radon Gas produced in confined spaces is more dangerous
Issues Facing the Mining Industry Negative Impact on the Environment Abandoned Mines Loss of Jobs Echo Effect Exhausting the Supply Staying Competitive Boom-Bust Towns
Mining Centres in Canada
Off Shore Oil Rigs
Forestry
Canada’s Forest Resource Boreal Shield Pacific Maritime Montane Cordillera
Boreal Forest
Boreal Forest The northern Boreal Forest is dominated by only two species of trees - Black Spruce and White Spruce
Boreal Forest Black Spruce White Spruce Balsam Fir Jack Pine Cedar Tamarack White Birch Poplar
Pacific Maritime Forest
Pacific Maritime Forest Douglas Fir Sitka Spruce
Pacific Maritime Forest Western Red Cedar Western Hemlock
Montane Cordillera Forest
Montane Cordillera Forest Ponderosa Pine Engelmann Spruce Douglas Fir
Value of Forest Industry Pulp and Paper Products Other Provinces $7286 million Quebec $11575 million British Columbia $7514 million Ontario $10018 million
Value of Forest Industry Wood Products Other Provinces $780 million New Brunswick $751 million Alberta $1731 million British Columbia $11 234 million Ontario $3454 million Quebec $5306 million
Methods of Harvesting Forests Clear-cutting Shelterwood Cutting Selective cutting
Methods of Harvesting Forests Trees up to 25" in diameter can be cut with the XL25.
When replanted, the new forest grows uniformly in species and size Methods of Harvesting Forests Clear Cutting Loggers remove every tree and leave a barren landscape. When replanted, the new forest grows uniformly in species and size
Methods of Harvesting Forests Shelterwood Cutting Involves clear-cutting only part of an old growth forest Small groups of seed bearing trees are left so the area will regenerate. Shelterwood method is often used in forests that have grown and aged evenly
Only mature trees of the desired size, type or quality Methods of Harvesting Forests Selective Cutting Only mature trees of the desired size, type or quality Another shot of the same stand in an area that has been finished--except for picking up a few logs. The stand is about 65 years old.
Forestry Issues Too few trees are replanted? = Soil erosion
Forestry Issues Clogged Rivers
Forestry Issues Water Pollution Air Pollution
Forestry Issues Aerial Spraying Forest Fires
Forestry Issues Destruction of Wildlife Habitat