GOAL 4 BIOLOGY CHEMISTRY CONTINUED

VOCAB Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Reactants Products Reaction Rate ATP Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Cellulose Glucose Starch Glycogen Insulin Enzymes Hemoglobin Phospholipids Steroids DNA RNA

 Carbohydrates  Cellulose  Glucose  Starch  Glycogen

CELLULOSE  a polysaccharide (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) x of glucose units that constitutes the chief part of the cell walls of plants, occurs naturally in such fibrous products as cotton and kapok, and is the raw material of many manufactured goods (as paper, rayon, and cellophane)cellophane

GLUCOSE  a crystalline sugar C 6 H 12 O 6 ; specifically : the sweet colorless soluble dextrorotatory form that occurs widely in nature and is the usual form in which carbohydrate is assimilated by animals

STARCH  a white odorless tasteless granular or powdery complex carbohydrate (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) x that is the chief storage form of carbohydrate in plants, is an important foodstuff, and is used also in adhesives and sizes, in laundering, and in pharmacy and medicine

GLYCOGEN  : a white amorphous tasteless polysaccharide (C 6 H 10 O 5 ) x that is the principal form in which glucose is stored in animal tissues and especially muscle and liver tissue

 Proteins  Insulin  Enzymes  Hemoglobin

INSULIN  a protein pancreatic hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans that is essential especially for the metabolism of carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood and that when insufficiently produced results in diabetes mellitusinsufficiently  a substance that your body makes and uses to turn sugar into energy

ENZYMES  any of numerous complex proteins that are produced by living cells and catalyze specific biochemical reactions at body temperatures

HEMOGLOBIN  an iron-containing respiratory pigment of vertebrate red blood cells that consists of a globin composed of four subunits each of which is linked to a heme molecule, that functions in oxygen transport to the tissues after conversion to oxygenated form in the gills or lungs, and that assists in carbon dioxide transport back to the gills or lungs after surrender of its oxygen  : the part of blood that contains iron, carries oxygen through the body, and gives blood its red color

 Lipids  Phospholipids  Steroids Steroids

PHOSPHOLIPIDS  any of numerous lipids (as lecithins and phosphatidylethanolamines) in which phosphoric acid as well as a fatty acid is esterified to glycerol and which are found in all living cells and in the bilayers of cell membranesphosphatidylethanolaminesphosphoric

STEROIDS  any of various chemical compounds that include many hormones (as anabolic steroids)

 Nucleic Acids  DNA  RNA

DNA  any of various nucleic acids that are usually the molecular basis of heredity, are constructed of a double helix held together by hydrogen bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases which project inward from two chains containing alternate links of deoxyribose and phosphate, and that in eukaryotes are localized chiefly in cell nuclei

DNA  Nitrogen Bases  A- Adenine  T-Thymine  G- Guanine  C- Cytosine

DNA PAIRING  A-T  G-C

RNA  a substance in the cells of plants and animals that helps make proteins  any of various nucleic acids that contain ribose and uracil as structural components and are associated with the control of cellular chemical activities — Types MESSENGER RNA, RIBOSOMAL RNA, TRANSFER RNA MESSENGER RNA RIBOSOMAL RNA TRANSFER RNA

 Nitrogen Bases  Adenine  Uracil (no T)  Guanine  Cytosine

CELLS AND ENERGY

ATP  ATP  Used by the cell for energy  adenosine triphosphate  Stored in cells  Produced in high amounts through cellular respiration

PHOTOSYNTHESIS  Process in which plants make their own food  Happens in the chloroplast  Rate affected by  Reactants  Temperature  pH  Light  Formula

PHOTOSYNTHESIS  Chloroplast  Sugar maker

CELLULAR RESPIRATION  Process in which sugars are broken down and used to turn ADP into ATP  Aerobic  Happens in Mitochondria (sugar breaker)  Formula  Factors affecting rate  Crash Crash

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION  Types  Lactic acid fermentation  Alcohol fermentation

PICKLES 