LANGUAGE FAMILY Groups of languages are related to each other Common ancestry Indo- European Languages Indo- European Languages Vocabulary, phonology, morphology, and syntax Proto-Indo- European English Germanic

COMMON ANCESTRY Romance languages Germanic languages French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan Latin Lower number of dialects We do not have a written ancestor Proto- Germanic Cultural and geographical contact Languages exchange vocabulary Need and prestige primary factors East Germanic Gothic North Germanic West Germanic Old Icelandic German, Yiddish, Dutch, Flemish, Afrikaans and English

INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGE FAMILY Anotolia n Extintc Indo- Iranian Indic Irania n Greek Helleni c Attic Italic Osco- Umbrian Faliscan Germanic Celtic Tocharian Baltic Balto- Slavic Slavic Armenian Albanian

ASPECTS OF THE STRUCTURE PIE Phonology Morphology Verbal Morphology Syntax Nominal Pronominal Allow researchers to find out similarities in families language Grammatically Semantically 2 voices (active, mediopassive number of tenses mood Word order