United Nations Development Programme China The Changing World of UN Development Cooperation By Kerstin Leitner former RC/RR UNDP, China Berlin 2007
United Nations Development Programme China The 20 th Century a century of wars, civil strife, many conflicts, genocides and disasters, but as a redeeming feature there has been development cooperation. ( A retiring aid administration official in 2000)
United Nations Development Programme China 1950s/60s: Post-colonialism and the Cold War – setting up institutions and organizations – respecting the chosen political structure – staying technical and neutral
United Nations Development Programme China 1950s/60s:Delivery of UN Technical Assistance – highly centralized – OPAS – long-term experts – tripartite system
United Nations Development Programme China 1970s: the Cold War heats up in Development Cooperation - developed vs. developing countries - political loyalty vs. development needs and requirements - multilateral vs. bilateral programmes percent of GNI as a target
United Nations Development Programme China 1970s: Delivery of UN Technical Cooperation - IPF system - government execution - mix of expert types - emphasis on training
United Nations Development Programme China 1980s: The Developing World comes politically into its own – regional blocks – the Group of 77 and China – LDCs, threshold countries, regional blocks – globalization – doubts and confusion
United Nations Development Programme China 1980s: Delivery of UN Development Cooperation IPF system crumbles tripartite system breaks up national execution emerges capacity building the most urgent demand consultants/sub-contracts increase
United Nations Development Programme China 1990s: the Cold War is over – now what? – globalization – one system “wins” – the UN emerging as an indispensable world forum – the UN system in a deep structural crisis
United Nations Development Programme China 1990s: Painful Adjustments to a New World Order – the SG’s reform package of July 1997 – the emergence of new funds, e.g. GEF, Montreal Protocol, – and new funding modalities, e.g. multi-bi, MSAs, cost-sharing
United Nations Development Programme China 1990s: Delivery of UN Development Cooperation policy support followup to international conferences TCDC / South-South cooperation national professional experts all previous modalities are used emergency assistance vs. development cooperation
United Nations Development Programme China The New Millennium and the Challenges of the 21st Century – combining poverty elimination and globalization – expanding trade and creating domestic markets – raising living standards without depleting natural resources
United Nations Development Programme China The New Millennium and the Challenges of the 21st Century – protecting human rights and solving conflicts through negotiations – increasing ODA in exchange for policy adjustments – from dependence on governments to partnerships with civil society
United Nations Development Programme China The New Millennium and the Challenges of the 21st Century – working on the basis of comparative strength and as a team – working to the same script: MDGs – working on a global agenda in a national and regional context
United Nations Development Programme China The Role of UNDP– Responding to Challenges – addressing imbalances and disparities: the quest for equity – tackling environmental threats:keeping the world safe for human habitation – democracy: allowing for participation and inclusion – coordination: bringing partners together
United Nations Development Programme China Thank you! For information on UNDP’s work, please visit the website: www. undp.org