Totalitarianism, Fascism, and Communism Mark Manbeck

Essential Question  What are the major similarities and differences between Totalitarianism, Fascism, and Communism?

Totalitarianism  Totalitarianism—government that dominates every aspect of life  A government of Total Control  Totalitarian leader is often dynamic and persuasive  Energetic, active, forceful  Cult of Personality *Later

Police State  Government uses police to spy on and intimidate people  Normally to protect citizens  Police enforce the central government’s policies

Education  Slanted education  Crucial to glorify leader and policies  Propaganda

Propaganda and Censorship  Spread of Propaganda  Government controls all mass media  Crushes opposing views

Scapegoats  Usually, religious or ethnic minorities are “enemies of the state”

Totalitarian Leaders in the 20 th Century  Adolf Hitler (Germany)  Benito Mussolini (Italy)  Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)  Kim Il Sung (North Korea)  Saddam Hussein (Iraq)

Communism  Russia  Class Struggle  Revolution is the only way  All property is publicly owned  NO Private Property

Traditional Communism Refresher  Karl Marx  Bourgeoisie:  New, Industrial Elite  Proletariat:  Workers  Bourgeoisie had political and economic power  Workers had the true power

Stalin (More Next Time)  Stalin aims to create Communist state in Russia.  He began by destroying his enemies— real and imagined.

Education  Government controls all education, from early grades to college.  Children learn the virtues of the Communist Party.  Teachers and students who challenge the Party are punished.

Religious Persecution  Government attacks the Russian Orthodox Church.  Magnificent churches and synagogues are destroyed. Religious leaders are killed.  People lose all personal rights and freedoms.

Totalitarianism vs Communism State is all-powerful State makes decisions More Right Wing State Ownership Communist Party is all- powerful Communist Party makes decision More Left Wing Common Ownership Communism Totalitarianism

Fascism  Started in Italy, transferred to Germany  Fascism glorified action, violence, discipline, and blind loyalty to the state.  Pursued territorial expansion through warfare.  Distrusted reason and used emotion to their advantage.  Nazism is a form of Fascism

 "Italy wants peace and quiet, work and calm. I will give these things with love if possible and with force if necessary." Benito Mussolini

Police State  Obsession with Security  Fear is motivation of Government over population  Military Supremacy

Education  Disdain for Intellectuals and Arts  Boys taught to be soldiers  Girls to be good mothers

Propaganda and Censorship  Powerful and Continuing Nationalism  Censoring enemies

Religion and Ethnicity  Identification of Enemies/Scapegoats  Unifies the people  Religion and Government are Intertwined  National Purity  Racial Purity

Fascism vs Totalitarianism Individual Governs state State makes decisions Type of Government State Governed by Single Political Party Communication controlled by state Dictatorship Totalitarianism Fascism The two are not mutually exclusive A fascist state is often ruled by a totalitarian leader Totalitarian state does not necessarily have to be fascist