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Chapter Menu Chapter Preview Section 1: Primary and Secondary Groups Section 2:Other Groups and Networks Section 3: Types of Social Interaction Section 4:Formal Organizations

Chapter Preview 1 Chapter Preview · Section 1 Primary and Secondary Groups (pages 172–176) Groups are classified by how they develop and function. Primary groups meet emotional and support needs, while secondary groups are task- focused.

Chapter Preview 2 Chapter Preview · Section 2 Other Groups and Networks (pages 177–180) Reference groups help us evaluate ourselves and form identities. In-groups and out-groups divide people into “we” and “they”. Social networks extend our contacts and le us form links to many other people.

Chapter Preview 3 Chapter Preview · Section 3 Types of Social Interaction (pages 181–189) Five types of social interaction are basic to group life: cooperation, conflict, social exchange, coercion, and conformity.

Chapter Preview 4 Chapter Preview · Section 4 Formal Organization (pages 190–196) A formal organization is created to achieve some goal. Most are bureaucratic. The existence of primary groups and relationships within formal organizations can either help or hinder the achievement of the goals.

Chapter Preview-End

Section 1-Preview Groups are classified by how they develop and function. Primary groups meet emotional and support needs, while secondary groups are task focused.

Section 1-Key Terms group social category social aggregate primary group primary relationships secondary group secondary relationships

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1-Polling Question Which group is most important in your life? A.Your friends B.Your classmates C.Your teammate D.Your teachers

Section 1 Groups, Categories, and Aggregates A group is composed of people who share several features, including the following:group –They are in regular contact with one another. –They share some ways of thinking, feeling and behaving.

Section 1 Groups, Categories, and Aggregates (cont.) –They take one another’s behavior into account. –They have one or more interests or goals in common.

Section 1 Groups, Categories, and Aggregates (cont.) A social category is composed of people who share a social characteristic.social category A social aggregate is composed of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time.social aggregate

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 Scientists are an example of a A.Group B.Social category C.Social aggregate D.Society

Section 1 Primary Groups A primary group is composed of people who are emotionally close, know one another well, and seek one another’s company.primary group Primary relationships are intimate, personal, caring and fulfilling.Primary relationships

Section 1 Primary Groups (cont.) Conditions needed for a primary group: –Small size –Face-to-face contact –Continuous contact –Proper social environment

Section 1 Primary Groups (cont.) The functions of a primary group are: –Emotional support –Socialization –To encourage conformity

Section 1 Secondary Groups A secondary group is impersonal and goal oriented.secondary group Secondary relationships involve only limited parts of personalities.Secondary relationships

Section 2-Preview Reference groups help us evaluate ourselves and form identities. In-groups and out-groups divide people into “we” and “they”. Social networks extend our contacts and let us form links to many other people.

Section 2-Key Terms reference group in-group out-group social network

Section 2 Reference Groups Reference groups help us to evaluate ourselves and to acquire attitudes, beliefs, and norms—in both positive and negative ways.Reference groups

Section 2 In-Groups and Out-Groups An in-group requires extreme loyalty from its members to the exclusion of others.in-group The in-group feels opposition, antagonism, or competition toward the out-group.out-group

Section 2 In-Groups and Out-Groups (cont.) These groups can be found anywhere and display some sort of boundary that distinguishes them.

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 Which could be considered a group boundary? A.Handshake B.Clothing C.Badges D.All of the above

Section 2 Social Networks A social network is the web of social relationships that join a person to other people and groups.social network

Section 2 Social Networks (cont.) A social network does not qualify as a group, but serves many purposes. Functions: –A sense of belonging and purpose –Help and advice –Help finding a job

Section 3-Preview Five types of social interaction are basic to group life: cooperation, conflict, social exchange, coercion, and conformity.

Section 3-Key Terms cooperation conflict social exchange coercion conformity groupthink

A.A B.B C.C Section 3-Polling Question How often do you interact with your neighbors? A.Often B.Occasionally C.Never

Section 3 Five Types of Group Social Interaction The five types of social interaction basic to group life: –Cooperation –Conflict –Social exchange –Coercion –Conformity

Section 3 Five Types of Group Social Interaction (cont.) –Some encourage stability and some encourage change.

Section 3 Cooperation Cooperation is a form of interaction in which individuals or groups combine their efforts to reach some goal.Cooperation

Section 3 Conflict Groups or individuals that work against one another for a larger share of the rewards are in conflict.conflict

Section 3 Conflict (cont.) The positive effects of conflict are that it: –promotes cooperation and unity within the opposing groups. –draws attention to social inequalities. –changes norms, beliefs and values.

Section 3 Social Exchange Social exchange is a type of social interaction in which one person voluntarily does something for another person, expecting a reward in return.Social exchange Reciprocity involves doing for others what they have done for you.

Section 3 Social Exchange (cont.) Cooperation is different than social exchange because nothing is expected in return.

Section 3 Coercion Coercion is social interaction in which individuals or groups are forced to give in to the will of other individuals or groups.Coercion This is the opposite of social exchange.

Section 3 Conformity Conformity is behavior that matches the group expectations.Conformity Solomon Asch’s line experiment demonstrates conformity. Cards for Asch’s Experiments

Section 3 Conformity (cont.) Groupthink exists when thinking in a group is self-deceptive, based on conformity to group beliefs, and created by group pressure.Groupthink Illustrating Types of Social Interaction

A.A B.B Section 3 Can you name a time when you conformed despite your true beliefs? A.Yes B.No

Section 3-End

Section 4 Max Weber and Bureaucracy Rationalization—the mind-set emphasizing knowledge, reason, and planning rather than tradition and superstition—was on the rise as the industrial economy developed.Rationalization

Section 4 Max Weber and Bureaucracy (cont.) Weber believed that a bureaucracy could offer steadiness, precision, continuity, speed, efficiency, and minimum cost since the industrial economy was moving so quickly. Bureaucracy is designed to protect individuals despite its negative reputation. Membership in Labor Unions

Figure 6.2

Vocab 1 group at least two people who have one or more goals in common and share common ways of thinking and behaving

Vocab 2 social category people who share a social characteristic

Vocab 3 social aggregate people temporarily in the same place at the same time

Vocab 4 primary group people who are emotionally close, know one another well, and seek one another’s company

Vocab 5 primary relationships interactions that are intimate, personal, caring, and fulfilling

Vocab 6 secondary group people who share only part of their lives while focusing on a goal or task

Vocab 7 secondary relationships impersonal interactions involving limited parts of personalities

Vocab 8 reference groups group used for self-evaluation and the formation of attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms

Vocab 9 in-group exclusive group demanding intense loyalty

Vocab 10 out-group group targeted by an in-group for opposition, antagonism, or competition

Vocab 11 social network a web of social relationships that join a person to other people and groups

Vocab 12 cooperation interaction in which individuals or groups combine their efforts to reach a goal

Vocab 13 conflict interaction aimed at defeating and opponent

Vocab 14 social exchange a voluntary action performed in the expectation of getting a reward in return

Vocab 15 coercion interaction in which individuals or groups are forced to behave in a particular way

Vocab 16 conformity behavior that matches group expectations

Vocab 22 rationalization the mind-set emphasizing knowledge, reason, and planning

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