The Lipid By: Kirsten Anderson Ajla Basic Hammad Ahmed Miguel Cabrera Kamila Barnak Joshua Edoimioya

Actually, butter’s a lipid…

WHAT IS A LIPID?  A lipid is one of the macromolecules.  Lipids are hydrophobic molecules (repel water). This is because the tail of the fatty acid which is a long hydrocarbon chain..  There is a large variety of lipids, including fats, oils and steroids.  Lipids are commonly used in organisms as a way to store energy. Lipids are made up of some combination of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms, though the combination of these atoms in the molecule differs depending on the type of lipid.

FORMATION  Lipogenesis is a process by which glucose is converted to fatty acids via fatty acid synthesis and also triglyceride synthesis.  Lipogenesis starts with acetyl-CoA and builds up by the addition of two carbons units. This process happens in the cytoplasm.

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Types of Lipids  Sterol lipids:  include cholesterol and steroids.  Prenol lipids:  Made from 5 carbons, created through MVA (mevalonic) pathway.  Glycerolipids:  Composed of mono-,bi-, and tri- glycerols.  Hold the bulk storage of fat in animal tissues

Examples of Lipids  Oil  Cholesterol  Fatty Acids  Lard  Animal fat  And…..

BUTTER! :D

Explanation of Fatty Acids  Fatty Acids – represents major lipid building block of complex lipids.  Fundamental in biological lipids  Produced when fats are broken down.  Not soluble in water.  Used as energy for the cells.  Found in oils and other foods  Organic (contain carbon and hydrogen)

Explanation of Glycerol  Glycerol backbone important for lipids.  Most important in creating triglyceride  Three molecules of fatty acids  One molecule of glycerol  Has three hydroxyl groups  Reason for solubility in water  Also its hygroscopic qualities

Role For Humans  Energy Storage:  Contains a lot of calories in small amount of space.  Provide body with large amounts of energy.  Hormones:  Used to regulate our metabolism.  Body/Climate:  Protect kidney, heart and liver.  Body fats insulate body and prevent loss of heat through skin

Phospholipids  Consist of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group  Component of cell membrane  Form lipid bi-layers  Tail contains fatty acid hydrocarbon chain  Head is hydrophilic (attracts water)  Tail is hydrophobic (fear of water)

Saturated vs. Unsaturated  Saturated: -Raises blood cholesterol levels -Found in animal produced product.  Butter, cheese, meat.  Unsaturated: -Found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds  Also a good source is in fish -Essential fatty acids found in unsaturated fats  Should be eaten sparingly

Formation of Lipids  =10&debug=0

Dehydration Synthesis  Results in the loss of water.  Two molecules come together to produce water  Bonds OH and O for H 2 0  Chemical Formula:

Hydrolysis  Opposite of Dehydration Synthesis  Breaking H 2 O into H and OH and breaks the bond formed

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