Health Day A / B

Nutrition What did you write down? Where there any ideas / thoughts repeated? What do you think was the most important?

Nutrition “you are what you eat” What do you think this means? Definition – the science of how your body uses food

Calorie What is a calorie? Energy – The ability to do work The amount of energy in foods is measured in calories Definition – The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water through 1 °C, equal to one thousand small calories and often used to measure the energy value of foods.

Metabolism Automobiles burn gasoline to get the energy they need to move. Your body burns (metabolizes) food to produce energy in the form of heat. This heat warms your body and (as energy) powers every move you make. Resting Energy Expenditure (basal metabolism) - The energy your resting body needs to maintain life This accounts for 60 to 70 percent of all th energy you need each day

Nutrients Definition – Chemical substances your body uses to build, maintain, and repair tissues Additionally they empower cells to send messages back and forth to conduct essential chemical reactions including breathing, movement, and all five senses

Nutrient Types Macro – Protein, fat, carbohydrates, and water Micro – Vitamins and minerals Which do you think you need more of? Daily recommended amount for macro is slightly above 2 ounces for men and slightly less then 2 ounces for women Daily recommended amount for micro is much smaller and is typically measured in milia and micrograms

Essential Nutrients A nutrient that cannot be manufactured by the body A lack of an essential nutrient can be connected with certain health issues Essential Nutrients can be grouped into the following categories Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids, Fatty Acids

Where Does Your Weight Come From? About 60 percent of your weight is water About 20 percent of your weight is fat About 20 percent of your weight is combination of mostly protein, plus carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins Example 140lb man – 84 lbs of water, 28 lbs of body fat, 28 lbs of a combination of protein, (25lbs) (7lbs minerals)(1.4 lbs of carbohydrates) (trace of vitamins)

Nutritional Status Phrase to describe the state of your health Malnourished – a diet that dies not provide enough food A diet with a deficiency of a particular nutrient A metabolic disorder or medical condition that prevents the body from absorbing needed nutrients

Ways To Check Nutritional Status Review medical history Physical examination Blood / Urine tests

Digestive System Collection of organs specifically designed to turn complex substances (food) into basic components (nutrients) during the two part process known as digestion.

Two Part Process Mechanical Digestion – Takes place in you mouth and stomach. Your stomach performs a churning action (peristalsis) to break down the food. Chemical Digestion – Occurs at every point of the digestive track where enzymes and other substances such as hydrochloric acid (stomach glands) and bile (liver), dissolve food, releasing the nutrients from the food

What Makes You Hungry? What are signs or causes for you to want to ingest food?

What Makes You Hungry? Body signals Brain Sight Scent Rejection Reaction – The body is trying to defend itself from ingesting the food

Mouth Allows you to ingest food without choking Breaks down barriers on certain foods (fruits, vegetables, and grains) so that the nutrients can be absorbed by the body Saliva is produced which moistens the food allowing it to easily travel into the esophagus Saliva also contains the amylases, an enzyme that starts the digestion of carbohydrates (startches)

Stomach Stomach churns to break food down into small pieces Produces stomach juices – potent blend of enzymes, hydrochloric acid, and mucus Digestion of proteins and fats begin in the stomach converting them into their basic components of amino acids and fatty acids Eventually your stomach breaks down the food into a thick soupy substance called chyme

Small Intestine How long do you think you SI is? Pancreatic and intestinal enzymes break down protein into amino acids Bile (made in the liver stored in the gallbladder) enables fats to mix with water Alkaline pancreatic juices make the chyme less acidic which allows amylases to continue to break down carbohydrates into simple sugars

Small Intestine Lined with villi and on the villi there are microvilli which absorb a particular nutrient Nutrients are not absorbed in order but according to how fast the body can break them down Carbohydrates – broken down into sugars Protein – broken down into amino acids Fats – broken down into fatty acids How do you feel after you eat a meal high in fat vs a meal high in protein and carbohydrates

Nutrients Absorbed Amino acids, sugars, vitamin C / B, iron, calcium, and magnesium are carried through the bloodstream to your live Fatty acids, cholesterol, and vitamins A / D / E / K go onto the lymphatic system and then into the blood

Large Intestine Top of your large intestine is your colon Colon – primary job is to absorb water from left over mixture and compact the remaining substance into feces