May 30, 2012; Prague DIVERGING OR CONVERGING EFFECTS OF CONTEMPORARY MEDIA ON YOUNG AND AGED POPULATIONS Aykut Toros E. Gülay Keskin ZIVOT 1

İstanbul fotoğrafı ekle Yeditepe Üniversitesi fotoğrafı Ekle 2

 1. THE QUESTION  2. THE DATA  3. MAJOR TERMINOLOGY  4. ANALYSIS  5.SUMMARY EXTRACTIONS  6.CONCLUSION CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION

THE QUESTION: IS CONTEMPORARY MEDIA BRINGING TOGETHER OR PUSHING APART THE ELDERLY AND NOT ELDERLY

THE DATA: “2011 SOCIAL CHANGE AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SURVEY” Department of Sociology Yeditepe University Istanbul; TURKEY 5

1- Questionnaire 2 - Intervıever Manual 3 -Address Updating 4- Response Follow-up Forms 5 - Telephone controls 6 - Etc. RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS 6

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRUBUTION OF CLUSTERS KMZ LINK

Face to face interviews were carried in: 539 Clusters Households Which required single or multiple visits to households Number of respondents interviewed Age 17 and above completed interviews (H.H.response rate 82%) aged (not elderly) aged 65 and above (elderly) FIELDWORK RESULTS

CALENDER OF FIELDWORK 1-Good organization leads to high quality of data 2-The graph shows smooth accumulation of data. No observable heaps or dips until 95% of the data was collected

EVIDENCE ON QUALITY OF DATA: EXTERNAL CONSISTENCY DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE

AGE DISTRUBUTIONS (POPULATION PYRAMIDS)

CONSISTENCY IN EDUCATIONAL STATUS

TERMINOLOGY APPROBATIVE: VALUES AND NORMS(ACTIONS) THAT ARE NOT ACCEPTED AS CONTRADICTORY TO THE SOCIAL PREFERENCES. PHENOMENA THAT ARE ON THE APPROVAL SIDE RATHER THAN ON THE DISAPPROVAL SIDE OF THE CONTINIUM ELDERLY/NOT ELDERLY : ELDERLY ARE THOSE PEOPLE THAT ARE AT OR ABOVE AGE 65. NOT ELDERLY ARE THOSE PEOPLE THAT ARE BETWEEN AGE 17 THRU 64 CONTEMPORARY MEDIA : OLD AND NEW MEDIA THAT ARE IN USE IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD 13

THREE GROUPS OF VARIABLES DIVERGENCE/CONVERGENCE ISSUES (Values dimension) 1. "What Is the Position of Women in Society?" 2. “Problems of which domain has priority, national domain or of your immidiate environment?" 3. "Would you feel bothered if a women reaches top level government administration" 4."We should show understanding to life style of those with different morals." 5. "It is permissible to skip some of the religious obligations, under current living conditions 6. "Do laws or leaders rule in the area that you live." 7. "People like us have no say in politics " 8. "Do you find the President trustworthy" 9. “Do you trust the judicial courts" 10.”Do you find European Union trustworthy". APPROBATIVE BEHAVIOUR DETERMINANTS (Action dimension) 1. "Reads Paper Or Not" 2. "Paper Read is Modern or Conservative " 3. "Uses Social network or not" 4. "Paper Read is Colorful or Dull" 5. "Paper Read Have Big or Small Fonts" 6. "Reads Columns or Not" 7. "Most watched TV is Mainly Thematic or Entertaining" 8. "Most watched TV is Neutral or Flanked". CONTROL VARIABLES 1.Gender 2.Education 3.Geographic Region i.e. 10x8x3= 240 TABLES 15

LEVELS OF ANALYSIS EMPLOYED Level 1: Simple comparison of percentages (on divergence/convergence issues). Example:What percentage of elderly approves a divergence or convergence issue? TABLE-00 Elderly or Not Elderly > What Is the Position of Women in Society? % Not elderly(<65)Men&Women have equal roles in Society 68,24 Other Responses31,76 Total TABLE-00 Elderly or Not Elderly > What Is the Position of Women in Society? % Elderly(>64)Men&Women have equal roles in Society 61,52 Other Responses38,48 Total

LEVELS OF ANALYSIS EMPLOYED (Cont’d) Level 2: Comparison of percentages by approbative dichotomies. Example:What percentage of elderly approves a divergence or convergence issue by approbative dichotomies? TABLE-01 What Is the Position of Women in Society? Elderly or Not Elderly BY Reads Paper Or Not Reads Paper Or Not YesNo % Men&Women have equal roles in Society Not elderly(<65)53,3246,68 Elderly(>64)36,4663,54 Other ResponsesNot elderly(<65)30,5869,42 Elderly(>64)21,3878,62 TABLE-02 What Is the Position of Women in Society? Not Elderly BY Paper Read Have Big or Small Fonts Paper Read Have Big or Small Fonts Large FontsSmall Fonts % Men&Women have equal roles in Society Not elderly(<65)85,7114,29 Elderly(>64)84,0915,91 Other ResponsesNot elderly(<65)79,2920,71 Elderly(>64)70,8029,20 TABLE-03 What Is the Position of Women in Society Elderly or Not Elderly BY Most watched TV is Neutral or Flanked Most watched TV is Neutral or Flanked NeutralFlanked % Men&Women have equal roles in Society Not elderly(<65)15,2584,75 Elderly(>64)20,6179,39 Other ResponsesNot elderly(<65)12,1387,87 Elderly(>64)23,5176,49 TABLE-04 What Is the Position of Women in Society? Elderly or Not Elderly BY Uses Social network or not Uses Social network or not Uses Social Network Do not Use Social Network % Men&Women have equal roles in Society Not elderly(<65)23,5776,43 Elderly(>64)5,9194,09 Other ResponsesNot elderly(<65)11,1288,88 Elderly(>64)4,3295,68 17

LEVELS OF ANALYSIS EMPLOYED (Cont’d) Level 3: Ratios of non-elderly/elderly by divergence/convergence issues by approbative dichotomies. Example: How similar or different are the ratios of non-elderly/elderly by divergence/convergence issues by approbative dichotomies. TABLE-05 What Is the Position of Women in Society? Elderly or Not Elderly BY Reads Paper Or Not Reads Paper Or Not N/E YesNo Yes No % ratio Men&Women have equal roles in Society Not elderly(<65)53,3246,68 1,46 0,73 Elderly(>64)36,4663,54 Other ResponsesNot elderly(<65)30,5869,42 1,43 0,88 Elderly(>64)21,3878,62 TABLE-06 What Is the Position of Women in Society? Elderly or Not Elderly BY Paper Read Have Big or Small Fonts Paper Read Have Big or Small Fonts N/E Large Fonts Small Fonts Yes No % ratio Men&Women have equal roles in Society Not elderly(<65)85,7114,29 1,02 0,90 Elderly(>64)84,0915,91 Other ResponsesNot elderly(<65)79,2920,71 1,12 0,71 Elderly(>64)70,8029,20 TABLE-07 What Is the Position of Women in Society? Elderly or Not Elderly BY Most watched TV is Neutral or Flanked Most watched TV is Neutral or Flanked N/E NeutralFlanked Yes No % ratio Men&Women have equal roles in Society Not elderly(<65)15,2584,75 0,74 1,07 Elderly(>64)20,6179,39 Other ResponsesNot elderly(<65)12,1387,87 0,52 1,15 Elderly(>64)23,5176,49 TABLE-08 What Is the Position of Women in Society? Elderly or Not Elderly BY Uses Social network or not Uses Social network or not N/E Uses Social Network Do not Use Social Network Yes No % ratio Men&Women have equal roles in Society Not elderly(<65)23,5776,43 3,990,81 Elderly(>64)5,9194,09 Other ResponsesNot elderly(<65)11,1288,88 2,570,93 Elderly(>64)4,3295,68 18

OF COURSE WE CAN NOT PRESENT TO YOU ALL THE TABLES IN THE SAME MANNER INSTEAD, WE SHALL BE PRESENTING SUMMARY EXTRACTIONS 19

Among the group which adopts a conservative behavior (i.e. Do not read daily newspapers) Percentage of young (not elderly) adopting an approbative value (Men&Women have equal roles in Society) = 46.6% divided by Percentage of elderly adopting and approbative behaviour (Men&Women have equal roles in Society)= 63.54% Ratio =(46.6)/(63.54) =0.73 GUIDE FOR INTERPRETING THE RATIOS 20

PROPORTION NOT READING NEWPAPERS Observation: -Proportion Not reading newspapers are much higher in the older cohorts compared to younger cohorts. Observation: 1.Proportion of females not reading newspapers are higher than males in all cohorts 2.Among males, proportions decrease in young and pre- elderly cohorts 3.Male and female ratios become similar in elderly cohorts 21

FEMALE APPROBATIVE BEHAVIOR DISADVANTAGES AT MIDDLE AGES Observation: -There is a gender related social integration gap and this is against females. -There is a female rejuvenation after age 60. After age 60, the gap narrows and closes among the very upper age cohorts 22

MIDDLE LEVEL ACTIVITY SYNDROME ( TOTAL POPULATION) Observation: -Conservative behaviour, similar approbative values -Non conservative behaviour, approbative values start to differentiate -Differentiation starts after athreshold -Differentiation shows a bell shaped curve 23

MIDDLE LEVEL ACTIVITY SYNDROME ( MALE FEMALE DIFFERENCES ) Observation: -There is a difference between males and females -Female threshold level is earlier (lower) then males -Female value similarities shows oscillations 24

EXAMPLES OF APPROBATIVE RATIOS BY TYPE OF MEDIA AND BY TYPE OF BEHAVIOR 25

-Observation: -When relation with the media is of unapprobative nature, there seems to be no difference between young and the elderly on approbative values. --When relations with the media is of approbative nature, there appears to be adifference between young and the elderly on approbative values. --The visibility of divergence is most appearent with social network usage. MEDIA AND APPROBATIVE VALUES 26

CONCLUSION -Proportion Not reading newspapers are much higher in the older cohorts compared to younger cohorts. -There is a female rejuvenation after age 60. After age 60, the gap narrows and closes among the very upper age cohorts -Differentiation shows a bell shaped curve …and may be most importantly -Differences between not elderly and elderly in “using social network” appears to be the most differentiating factor. So converging policies would require promotion use of social network among elderly. 27

THANK YOU Aykut Toros ( E. Gülay Keskin 28

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