counting up by two's SequenceFits my rule?Guess the ruleHow sure? 2, 4, 6, :-) counting up by two's 50% 6, 8, 10 :-) counting up by two's 60% 20,22,24 :-) counting up by two's 70% 3, 5, 7 :-) counting up by two's 80% 25, 27, 29 :-) counting up by two's 90% 200, 202, 204 :-) counting up by two's 100% counting up by two's SequenceFits my rule?Guess the ruleHow sure? 2, 4, 6, :-) counting up by two's 50% 6, 8, 10 :-) counting up by two's 60% 20,22,24 :-) counting up by two's 70% 1, 9, 20 :-) counting up 80% 27, 13, 4 :-( counting up 90% 55, 2, 99 :-( counting up 100%

Assuming that each card has a triangle on one side and a circle on the other, how many cards to I need to turn over to test the statement: Every card that has a black triangle on one side has a red circle on the other?

Chapter 1 Critical Thinking

Theory: Low self-esteem feeds depression Hypothesis: People with low self-esteem are more likely to feel depressed Observation: Case studies Surveys correlational studies Naturalistic observation Experiment

Correlational Studies Surveys Naturalistic observation Case studies DESCRIPTIVE OBSERVATIO NS Back Advantages Disadvantages Observe in settings that are not artificial. helps begin investigation. DISconfirm something. provides insight into specific cases expensive, time-consuming Unrepresentative Can be misleading Quick Cheap Can gather a lot of data Are they valid? Not always complete or accurate representation of individual's abilities, Can gain insight into relationships. can PREDICT things. Cannot make statements that one thing causes another thing. No Control over Setting No Control over setting

Naturalistic observation Back ·observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

Case studies Back ·Psychologists study one or more individuals in great depth in the hope of revealing things true of us all John/Joan Genie Phineas Gage

Do you roll you toilet paper over or under? Where do you squeeze the toothpaste? Look behind the shower curtain in someone else's bathroom? How do you eat corn on the cob? How do you eat your Oreos? Have you seen a ghost? Do you skip to the end of the book? Have you ever flossed your teeth...with hair? 68% roll over the spool. 79% squeeze from top 7% say "yes" 80% eat in circles 50% whole; 18 twist halves apart; 15% dunk them; rest smash or add to another desert 7% say "yes" 27% say they do 10% have Any questions about this survey or the results?

Surveys Random Selection Population sample Back

Red Blue Green Yellow Brown Blue Total # %

Correlational Studies does not mean causation scatterplot Prediction Strength Direction Back IMPORTANT

shoe size height 5' '5 5'6 5'7 5'8 5'9 5'10 5'11 6' 6'1 6'2 6'3 6'4 6'5 6'6 5'3 5'2

Variable AVariable B Variable C

EXPERIMENTS Groups Control Experimental Random Assignment Controls variables in order to make a statement about causation Variables Independent Dependent Operational definitions of IMPORTANT

Attachments writing experimental hypotheses.doc write theory.doc operational definition of variables wksht.doc