Bob Travica MIS 2000 Bob Travica Class 5 More on Data Analysis Updated May 2015

Bob Travica Outline Analyzing data in different business domains Differentiating entities and attributes Analyzing associations between entities Exercise 2

Bob Travica Business starts on the supply side. Companies procure (get) inputs they need for producing goods or services. Manufacturing companies purchase raw materials and half-products to produce a final product (good). In a bank, lenders supply financial resources that the banks uses for offering financial services for bank clients. In manufacturing, purchased item and Purchasing Order are key entities and tables in a schema. Product is ordered from a supplier via a purchasing order (PO) – a business document. The entire process is usually supported by Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) and Management Information Systems (MIS). Procurement/Supplies 3 Figure 1. Schema for purchasing process PODetail PONum PurchasedItemID Quantity Discount PurchasedItem PurchasedItemID PName ListPrice Specifications Purchasing Order PONum PODate SupplierID Supplier SupplierID SName SAddress

Bob Travica Production A company's supplies are transformed via production processes. Production includes several processes, one being scheduling. Scheduling must be done in any company (manufacturing, services). For scheduling process, the key entity is Schedule. A schema of scheduling needs to track at least the tasks to be completed and the workers. TPS support the production scheduling process. 4 Figure 2. Schema for production scheduling process Task TaskID TName Description Time Schedule ScheduleNum TaskID WorkerID Date Shift Worker WorkerID Wname Department Position Specialty

Bob Travica Human Resources (HR ) HR is a broad area. This schema covers just a part of the pay process. The key entities are Salary and Wage. Salary is fixed, wage is variable. Attributes Amount are calculated from rates and hours. 5 Employee_ EmployeeID Ename Department Position Specialty DateHired Salary. SalaryID EmployeeID PayRate Amount(calc) Period Wage. WageID EmployeeID RateRegular RateOvertime Amount(calc) Period Figure 3. Schema for Pay Process. Figure 3. Schema for the pay process

Bob Travica Accounting Accounting tracks monetary value of all tangible things on the inflow (revenue) and outflow (cost) side. These two objects translate into revenue and cost entities or accounts (there can be many of each). Account is the key entity. There are many types of account—receivables (revenues) vs. payables (costs). A receivable account can be Budget, Sale or other based the sources; etc. 6 More Figure 4a. Schema (partial) for income accounting Account Receivable ARAccountID ARName Organization … Budget BAccountID Sale SAccountID Interest IAccountID is Figure 4b. Schema (partial) for expense accounting Account Payable APAccountID APName Organization … Operating Cost OpAccountID Purchase PuAccountID Pay PaAccountID is

Bob Travica Marketing Marketing processes create and manage markets. To understand markets, companies segment markets based on planned amounts of customer purchases (low, high…). CustomerSpend is the key entity/table. Attribute SpendAmount shows the purchase total per customer in a period of time. This analysis can show to which market segment each customer belongs, etc. IS for market segmentation belong to Decision Support Systems. 7 Figure 6. Schema (partial) for market segmentation

Bob Travica Library Do not get scared! This is how a more fully developed schema looks like. Focus on key tables and their relationships. 8 To be added: -PKs -PK-FK links Try it! is

Bob Travica E-commerce Online customer operates invisible in a “cyber space.” However, note new entities not applicable to classical store. 9 Online Store Figure 7. Data diagram for online customer profiling (marketing) Customer CustomerID CustomerType Name Address CatalogSearch SearchNumber CustomerID Date Terms Searched PageVisit PageID CustomerID Date Web Pages Visited Screen Items Clicked ComparableCustomer CustomerID MatchedCustomerID