Chemistry Unit Review

The smallest particle that a compound with covalent bonds is called what? A molecule

When Ice Melts, is it a physical or chemical reaction? Physical

When a chemical reaction occurs, what happens to the reactants? They become something else

How many atoms are in H 2 CO 3 (carbonic acid) in this equation? ____H 2 CO 3  ____H 2 O + ___CO 2 six

A campfire is an example of what kind of chemical reaction? exothermic

How many different kinds of elements are involved in this reaction? ____H 2 CO 3  ____H 2 O + ___CO 2 three

What law of science dictates that chemical equations must be balanced? Law of conservation of Matter (mass)

The atomic number of an element tells us what about it? The number of protons

What do we call the electrons found in the outermost energy levels of atoms ? Valence electrons

The term for the interaction of electrons which hold atoms together is what? Chemical bond

The identity of elements is defined by how many ___________ it has in its nucleus. protons

A chemical bond that forms when electrons from one atom are transferred to another is called what? Ionic bond

A chemical bond that forms when electrons from one atom are shared with one other atom is called what? covalent bond

A chemical bond that forms when electrons from many atoms are loosely shared with many other atoms is called what? Metallic bond

How many valence electrons are there in the elements in the Alkaline Earth Metals family (group 2)? 2

Electrons are organized in atoms by what? Energy levels

Numbers that would go in the blanks of this equation are called what? ____H 2 CO 3  ____H 2 O + ___CO 2 coefficients

How many valence electrons are there in elements in the Oxygen family? 6

What do elements in the same group on the periodic table have in common which gives them similar chemical properties? Number of valence electrons

The physical characteristic of being able to be drawn into wires without breaking is known as what? ductility

What ending is used for the names of ions formed when atoms GAIN electrons? - ide, like Chlorine (Cl) goes to Chloride when it gets an electron and becomes an ion (Cl - )

How many valence electrons are there in Bromine (Br) ? 7

Repeating, 3 dimensional patterns of ions in the structures of ionic bond substances is called what? Crystal lattice

Elements such as nitrogen, which is found in its pure form in nature in a molecule N 2, are called what kind of elements? Diatomic elements

What kind of bonding helps keep metals together so they are ductile and malleable? Metallic bonds

Is this equation balanced? ____H 2 CO 3  ____H 2 O + ___CO 2 yes

In general, do metals have a high number of valence electrons or a low number? low

The physical characteristic of being able to be molded into shapes such as foil without breaking is known as what? malleability

Most of the elements in the periodic table are what kind of elements? Metals

The periodic table is arranged by atomic number, what was the first periodic table made by Medeleev arranged by? Atomic Mass

The elements found in the same vertical columns on the periodic table are known as what? Groups or Families

The elements found in the same horizontal rows on the periodic table are known as what? Periods

Table salt contains elements from which two families of elements? Alkali Metals and Halogens

As you move up and down across the periodic table, what happens to the chemical properties of the elements? They stay the same

Chlorine and Iodine, which are important disinfectants, are in what family of elements ? Halogens

About 80% of the air we breath is made up of which element? Nitrogen

What are the two most reactive families of elements? Alkali metals and Halogens

An atom with the same number of protons, neutrons and electrons has what electrical charge? Zero or neutral

What is the only transition metal that is a liquid at room temperature? Mercury

How many valence electrons are there in the elements in the Carbon family? 4

A +1 ion has 36 electrons, how many protons does it have? 37

How many electrons are in the 1 st energy level of an atom with 43 electrons? 2

Barium (Ba) is most like which of the following Elements? Na, Cl, O, Ag or Be Be

How reactive is Radon Gas? Not reactive

What are the two most reactive families of elements? Alkali metals and Halogens

Which is more reactive, Boron (B) or Potassium (K)? K

A substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means is known as what? Element

When salt dissolves into water what kind of change has taken place? Physical

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined is known as what? A mixture

A sample of matter made up entirely of either a single element or a single compound that has definite chemical and physical properties is known as what ? A pure substance

A homogeneous (all the same) mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed through a single phase is known as what ? solution

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds is known as what ? A compound

In a solution, the substance that gets dissolved into the solvent is called what? solute

An element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals is known as what? metalloid

Sugar is put into water and it completely disappears. What kind of mixture would you have? solution

Which one of the following is NOT a mixture? Milk Salt Eggs Butter Salt

What kind of substance shows lower solubility in liquids as the temperature of the liquid increases? Gas

Is sodium chloride an element or a compound? compound

Flammability is what kind of property? Chemical

The water in salt water is what part of the solution? solvent

An element that conducts heat and electricity poorly is known as what? Non metal

The ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure is called what? Solubility

An element that is shiny and that conducts heat and electricity well is called what? Metal

Filtering could separate which of the following? Sugar Water Muddy Water Ice Tea Muddy Water

What happens to the properties of elements when they form a compound? They change

The physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid and gas are known as what? States of Matter

The state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape is known as what? Liquid

The measure of how hot or cold something is or a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of an object is known as what? Temperature

An increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance is known as what? Thermal expansion

The change of state where a solid becomes a liquid is known as what ? melting

The state of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape is known as what? Gas

The state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed is known as what ? Solid

The change of state where a liquid becomes a gas is known as what ? Evaporation

The change of state where a gas becomes a liquid is known as what ? condensation

The change of state where a liquid becomes a solid is known as what ? freezing

The change of state where a solid becomes a gas is known as what ? sublimation

When water vapor cools and condenses, is the process endothermic or exothermic? exothermic

The boiling point of water is C and the melting point is 0 0 C, what is the freezing point of water in 0 C? 00C00C

In a reaction/change where the substance in question gains heat energy is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? Endothermic

If 1 liter of water boils at C, what temperature would 1000 liters of water boil at? C

When one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties it is called what? Chemical Change

Which physical property is a ratio between the mass and volume of a substance Density

If an element has 18 protons, how many electrons will it have in a neutral or zero charge state? 18

When water vapor condenses into liquid water, what kind of change is taking place ? Physical

Objects float or sink in fluids based on what property? density

The rate at which a substance conducts heat is called what? Thermal conductivity

How easily electricity moves through a substance is called what? Electrical conductivity

D=M/V is what relationship? Density

In a graduated cylinder containing many liquid layers, where is the most dense liquid found? The bottom

Wooden spoons are used in cooking because they have a very low what? Thermal Conductivity

When two substances are mixed together and bubbles are produced, what kind of change has taken place ? Chemical

The quantity of heat required to raise a unit of mass of a material 1 degree Centigrade (Celsius) is called what? Specific heat

What happens to the properties of elements when they form a mixture? They stay the same