Atoms and Elements Elements and Symbols Periodic Table

Elements Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes Are the building blocks of matter Are the building blocks of matter 112 elements known today 112 elements known today Examples: carbon goldcalcium

Symbols of Elements Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Capitalize the first letter only Capitalize the first letter onlyExamples: C carbon Cocobalt N nitrogenCacalcium F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium

Symbols from Latin Names ElementSymbolLatin name CopperCucuprum GoldAuaurum LeadPbplumbum MercuryHghydrargyrum PotassiumKkalium SilverAgargentum SodiumNanatrium TinSnstannum

% Major Elements in the Body O65.0 %K 0.34 C18.0S 0.26 H10.0Na 0.14 N 3.0Cl 0.14 Ca 1.4Fe P 1.0 Zn Mg 0.50 Trace Elements As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V

Learning Check Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 1) C2) Ca3) CA B. Sulphur 1) S2) Sl3) Su C. Iron 1) Ir2) FE3) Fe

Solution Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 2) Ca B. Sulphur 1) S C. Iron 3) Fe

Learning Check Select the correct name for each: A. N 1) neon2) nitrogen 3) nickel B. P 1) potassium2) phogiston 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver2) agean3) gold

Solution Select the correct name for each: A. N 2) nitrogen B. P 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver

Periodic Table The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties.

Physical Properties The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance. Colour Colour Size Size State of matter (solid, liquid, gas) State of matter (solid, liquid, gas) Density Density Freezing and Boiling Points Freezing and Boiling Points Odour Odour

Groups of Elements Vertical columns on the periodic table Vertical columns on the periodic table Similar physical properties Similar physical properties Similar chemical properties Similar chemical properties

Groups on the Periodic Table

Representative Groups Group 1Alkali Metals Group 1Alkali Metals Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals Group 7 Halogens Group 7 Halogens Group 8Noble Gases Group 8Noble Gases

Location of Some Groups A l m k e a t l a i l s AlkalineAlkaline HalogensHalogens I G n a e s r e t s

Periods on the Periodic Table Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8. Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8. Numbered 1, 2, 3, …. Numbered 1, 2, 3, …. Include representative elements and transition elements Include representative elements and transition elements

Periods on the Periodic Table

Learning Check A. Element in Group VII, Period 4 1) Br2) Cl3) Mn 1) Br2) Cl3) Mn B. Element in Group II, Period 3 1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron 1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron

Solution A. Element in Group 7, period 4 1) Br 1) Br B. Element in Group 2, Period 3 2) magnesium 2) magnesium

Learning Check A. Element in Group VII, period 4 1) Br2) Cl3) Mn 1) Br2) Cl3) Mn B. Element in Group II, Period 3 1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron 1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron C. Metals in Group IV 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn D. Nonmetals in Group V 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb

Solution A. Element in Group VII, period 4 1) Br 1) Br B. Element in Group II, Period 3 2) magnesium C. Metals in Group IV 1) Ge, Sn, Pb D. Nonmetals in Group V 2) N, P, As

Metals and Nonmetals Metals Located to the left of the heavy line Located to the left of the heavy line Shiny, ductile Shiny, ductile Good conductors of heat and electricity Good conductors of heat and electricityNonmetals Located to the right of the heavy line Located to the right of the heavy line Dull and brittle Dull and brittle Poor conductors, good insulators Poor conductors, good insulators

Metals and Nonmetals NONMETALS METALS Transition metals

Learning Check Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulphur____ B. chlorine____ C. sodium____ D. iron____ E. carbon____ F. silver____

Solution Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each: A. sulphur2 B. chlorine2 C. sodium1 D. iron1 E. carbon2 F. silver1

Learning Check Select the correct elements: A. Metals in Group IV 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn B. Non-metals in Group V 1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb

Solution A. Metals in Group 4 1) Ge, Sn, Pb B. Nonmetals in Group 5 2) N, P, As