Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2A 3-2-1 In your notebook complete the following: List 3 requirements Alabama had to meet to reenter the Union List 2 problems that freedmen were now experiencing List 1 word to describe the south during this time period

Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2 A- Land Grant Colleges Morrill Land-Grant Act was passed in 1862 to help support colleges that would prepare young people for practical careers like engineering, agriculture, and veterinary medicine. The college at Auburn (AUBURN UNIVERSITY)-named Alabama’s land grant college in 1872. 1890- Agricultural and Mechanical College at Huntsville was given land grant funds 1899-Tuskegee Institute (Tuskegee University) received land grant status

Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2 A- William Savery: Man of Vision William Savery taught himself to read and write will doing his work as a slave carpenter After the war, he continued his interest in education and began educating other former slaves Attended a Freedmen’s Bureau convention in Mobile in 1865. He then decided to start a school in the home of David White. They hired a young teacher and asked the Freedmen’s Bureau to get more teachers but he still wanted more With the help of General Wager Swayne and the American Missionary Association, Savery bought an old white Baptist college (Oct. 1867) A month later-140 students enrolled in the new Talladega College He continued to work closely with the college until his death

Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2 A- The End of Reconstruction Many white Alabamians, former confederates and members of the Democratic Party, didn’t agree with reconstruction They didn’t believe that slaves should have rights that were now taken away from their former masters, didn’t like carpetbaggers holding high political offices, and they wanted things to return to the ways they were before the Civil War. Some disagreed peacefully but others turned to violence. Ku Klux Klan (KKK)-secret club that terrorized blacks and white Republicans to keep them from voting. They wore white robes, pointed hoods, masks, and rode around frightening, beating, and even killing these people.

1874-Democrats elected George Houston as governor. Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2 A- William Savery: The End of Reconstruction Many Alabamians did not agree with the ways of the KKK, it took an act of Congress in 1870 and federal troops to stop the violence they caused. Klan activity decreased when Congress gave former Confederates the right to vote again. 1874-Democrats elected George Houston as governor. Over the next 3 years Union troops left the state, most carpetbaggers left, and scalawags had very little power. Conservative white Democrats were now in control and Reconstruction was over.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2 A- William Savery: After Reconstruction You may think things would have been different now that freedmen were allowed to vote, but white Democrats regained power because they could control the black vote. The wealthy Democrats controlled the jobs of the freed slaves and white farmers because the freed slaves had no money to buy land and many of the white farmers had lost their property. Those who owned large plantations needed help working the land. Sharecropping then developed.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2 A- William Savery: After Reconstruction Sharecropping-large landowners would give a sharecropper a place to live, seed, equipment, and anything else needed to make a crop. The share cropper would then plant, harvest, and sell his crop giving a portion of the profit to the landowner Tenant Farming was the same as sharecropping except they usually owned their own livestock and equipment Children of a sharecropper helped with the crops, tended the farm animals, worked in the garden, and looked after siblings. They didn’t have time to go to school because their family needed them to work on the farm. Because the large land owners controlled the lives of the sharecroppers and tenant farmers, they had a lot of political power because they could influence how they voted.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2A- Review Questions What was the Ku Klux Klan? How did the Democrats gain control of the Alabama government? What was life like for the child of a sharecropper?

Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2A- Answers The Ku Klux Klan was a secret club that terrorized blacks and white Republicans to keep them from voting. The Democrats gained control of the Alabama government when the Confederates were given the right to vote, elected their candidate as governor, and sent out Union troops. Children of a sharecropper helped with the crops, tended the farm animals, worked in the garden, and looked after siblings. They didn’t have time to go to school because their family needed them to work on the farm.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2A If you were a freed slave or a poor white farmer in Alabama, what would you do or where would you go for help. Remember…you and your family need things like food, shelter, education, and a way to earn money. Explain your thinking. Turn and Talk Be ready to discuss your thoughts with the rest of the class.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2A If you were a freed slave or a poor white farmer in Alabama, what would you do or where would you go for help. Remember…you and your family need things like food, shelter, education, and a way to earn money. Explain your thinking. Possible responses: Freedman’s Bureau, family members, sharecropping, tenant farming

Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2 B- Villages, Towns, and Cities Urban areas (city)-Men worked as store keepers, doctors, lawyers, and teachers. They had public and private schools. There were school and they were in session longer because children didn’t have to work. If families living in the country had money, then they sent their children to boarding schools. Schools in town were better than those in rural areas (country). Schools were segregated-separate schools for white and black. Schools attended by black children didn’t receive as much money.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2 B- Birmingham Birmingham was known as a New South city of industry. It was called “the Magic City” because it sprang suddenly from an old cornfield. The closest town was Elyton and they didn’t want a railroad to come through their town, so Birmingham began as a railroad crossroads.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2 B- Industry and Transportation Many Alabamians left the farms for towns and cities. Foreigners settled in the larger cities. Mobile and Birmingham had many immigrants living there. Before the Civil War, Birmingham had not existed. During Reconstruction, people became interested in all its natural resources that were able to produce iron and steel (iron ore, limestone, and coal). Work in Birmingham was plentiful and people came from all over the South as well as other countries to live there. Birmingham was on its way to becoming the largest and most diverse city in the state.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2 B- Railroads Railroads were the main reason towns and cities grew during the years after the Reconstruction. Railroads connected towns and offered access to places outside the state. Dothan, Monroeville, Anniston, and Birmingham became major market centers because of the railroad. They also allowed Alabama cotton and iron to be shipped overland to markets outside the state. Alabama goods could now compete on the world market, which offered more jobs and opportunities to Alabamians.

Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2 B- Cotton Mill Towns Cotton mills helped improve Alabama’s economy. They were built close to where the cotton was grown. Alabama’s thread and cloth could be more cheaply produced in the state than in New England or Europe because mills were built close to where cotton was grown and wages were low. These industries were usually located along a fall line, where waterpower was available. Life for cotton mill families were a lot like the lives of sharecroppers. Everyone worked…even children. The owner of the mill provided housing and credit so workers could buy food, clothing, and other goods. Many owners built schools, churches, company stores, recreational halls, and medical clinics. Many Alabamians wanted to live in cotton mill towns

Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2B- Review Questions Name 3 kinds of schools common in Alabama after Reconstruction. What was the main reason for the growth of many Alabama cities after the Civil War? Where were most cotton mills located?

Chapter 6:Rebuilding Alabama Lesson 2B- Review Questions 3 kinds of schools common in Alabama after Reconstruction were public, private, and boarding schools. Railroads were the main reason for the growth of many Alabama cities after the Civil War. Most cotton mills were located along a fall line where cotton was grown.